Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Schou, Gibsons, Tactic, Blatz, Arrow Games Ltd, Ravensburger, Editrice Giochi, Fundex, Origem, Golden, CHH Games, The Purple Cow, Marlboro, Zontik Games, nestorgames, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Waddington Sanders Ltd., K.E.Leg, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Ramsons, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Wood Expressions, L. P. Septímio, Palet spil, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Dilemma Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), HEMA, MB Spellen, Jumbo, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Vennerød Forlag AS, OPEN'N PLAY, Otto Maier Verlag, Spear's Games, Whitman, Chadwick Miller Inc., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pleasantime Games, House of Marbles, Saitek, Basic Fun, Inc., Kingstone International, Waddingtons, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, John Jaques of London, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Cayro, The Games, Philos, Top Mark, Klee, Pin International, P:OS Handels GmbH, National Novelty Corp., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Super Accord, Invicta Games, Cardinal, Cathay, Gold Medal, Berliner Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, Poolmaster, Pressman Toy Corp., Fame Products, play time, El Greco, Carlit, Selchow & Righter, Inovac Rima SA, Bello Games New York, Inc., Square Root Games, Schmidt France, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Diset S. A., Schmidt Spiele, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Smethport Specialty Co., Reiss Games, Daells Varehus, Halsall, Galleryplay, StirlingFox, Gamut of Games, Węgiel, Oriental Trading Company, Gammon Games, WHSmith, Planet Finska, Dino Toys s. r. o., House Martin, Piatnik, Hector Saxe, American Express, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., RoseArt, Joker, Western Publishing Company, Masters Games, (Public Domain), Glevum Games, Heyne, Game Factory, Editions ATLAS, HABA, (Self-Published), Maxco, Ariel Productions Ltd, Neroulia, Galison, Merit, Deuce, Dos Reis, ABRA, Westside Fun Games, Milton Bradley, Schmidt International, Crisloid, Bisonte, Alga, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, The Op Games, Gigliodoro, John Sands Pty Ltd, Sladecolour Board Games, Ludens Planet, Estrela, IRWIN Games, M Petrushkin, Classic Toys, (Unknown), Matsui Gaming Machine, F.X. Schmid, Sterling Games, Ghisò, Wild & Wolf, The Toy Network, Pavilion, Majora, LuduScience, Unicorn Products, Pintoy, MB Spiele, Marigó, Croner, Friendly Games, Inc., Mitra, Pendleton, Pelikan, Silk Cut, S & E, Juegos Ya S.L., Noris Spiele, Skor-Mor, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., 3M, Brio AB, Dal Negro, Peri Spiele, Harlekin, Hasbro, Lagoon Games, Søstrene Grene
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Race, Track Movement, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Schou, Gibsons, Tactic, Blatz, Arrow Games Ltd, Ravensburger, Editrice Giochi, Fundex, Origem, Golden, CHH Games, The Purple Cow, Marlboro, Zontik Games, nestorgames, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Waddington Sanders Ltd., K.E.Leg, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Ramsons, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Wood Expressions, L. P. Septímio, Palet spil, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Dilemma Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), HEMA, MB Spellen, Jumbo, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Vennerød Forlag AS, OPEN'N PLAY, Otto Maier Verlag, Spear's Games, Whitman, Chadwick Miller Inc., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pleasantime Games, House of Marbles, Saitek, Basic Fun, Inc., Kingstone International, Waddingtons, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, John Jaques of London, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Cayro, The Games, Philos, Top Mark, Klee, Pin International, P:OS Handels GmbH, National Novelty Corp., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Super Accord, Invicta Games, Cardinal, Cathay, Gold Medal, Berliner Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, Poolmaster, Pressman Toy Corp., Fame Products, play time, El Greco, Carlit, Selchow & Righter, Inovac Rima SA, Bello Games New York, Inc., Square Root Games, Schmidt France, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Diset S. A., Schmidt Spiele, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Smethport Specialty Co., Reiss Games, Daells Varehus, Halsall, Galleryplay, StirlingFox, Gamut of Games, Węgiel, Oriental Trading Company, Gammon Games, WHSmith, Planet Finska, Dino Toys s. r. o., House Martin, Piatnik, Hector Saxe, American Express, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., RoseArt, Joker, Western Publishing Company, Masters Games, (Public Domain), Glevum Games, Heyne, Game Factory, Editions ATLAS, HABA, (Self-Published), Maxco, Ariel Productions Ltd, Neroulia, Galison, Merit, Deuce, Dos Reis, ABRA, Westside Fun Games, Milton Bradley, Schmidt International, Crisloid, Bisonte, Alga, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, The Op Games, Gigliodoro, John Sands Pty Ltd, Sladecolour Board Games, Ludens Planet, Estrela, IRWIN Games, M Petrushkin, Classic Toys, (Unknown), Matsui Gaming Machine, F.X. Schmid, Sterling Games, Ghisò, Wild & Wolf, The Toy Network, Pavilion, Majora, LuduScience, Unicorn Products, Pintoy, MB Spiele, Marigó, Croner, Friendly Games, Inc., Mitra, Pendleton, Pelikan, Silk Cut, S & E, Juegos Ya S.L., Noris Spiele, Skor-Mor, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., 3M, Brio AB, Dal Negro, Peri Spiele, Harlekin, Hasbro, Lagoon Games, Søstrene Grene
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Race, Track Movement, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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