Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Whitman, Schmidt France, Estrela, Fundex, Cayro, The Games, Galleryplay, El Greco, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Bello Games New York, Inc., IRWIN Games, Kingstone International, Smethport Specialty Co., Creative Crafthouse, Deuce, Maxco, HABA, Fame Products, Philos, Gibsons, Majora, Berliner Spielkarten, Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Golden, Basic Fun, Inc., Gammon Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, OPEN'N PLAY, Sladecolour Board Games, Galison, Chadwick Miller Inc., Skor-Mor, HEMA, Saitek, Planet Finska, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, ABRA, Selchow & Righter, Gigliodoro, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Sterling Games, Alga, Marigó, Pin International, Matsui Gaming Machine, F.X. Schmid, Merit, Schmidt International, Harlekin, Reiss Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Blatz, Jumbo, Pavilion, Inovac Rima SA, Palet spil, The Purple Cow, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Gamut of Games, Ghisò, House of Marbles, P:OS Handels GmbH, Editions ATLAS, Gold Medal, Poolmaster, Pintoy, Marlboro, CHH Games, Dos Reis, Diset S. A., Dino Toys s. r. o., Brio AB, Milton Bradley, Bisonte, Game Factory, Crisloid, Cardinal, Western Publishing Company, MB Spellen, S & E, Friendly Games, Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., Neroulia, Klee, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dilemma Games, Unicorn Products, Halsall, Wild & Wolf, Masters Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, MB Spiele, Pleasantime Games, Dal Negro, Chad Valley Co Ltd., nestorgames, Pendleton, Hector Saxe, Daells Varehus, Juegos Ya S.L., Zontik Games, WHSmith, Classic Toys, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Westside Fun Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, Square Root Games, Peri Spiele, Origem, Mitra, Silk Cut, Ramsons, Carlit, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., RoseArt, 3M, John Jaques of London, L. P. Septímio, play time, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, John Sands Pty Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), National Novelty Corp., Spear's Games, (Unknown), The Toy Network, Noris Spiele, Piatnik, Hasbro, Top Mark, Wood Expressions, Węgiel, Waddingtons, Cathay, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), M Petrushkin, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, LuduScience, (Public Domain), Søstrene Grene, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, The Op Games, Editrice Giochi, American Express, Super Accord, Tactic, Lagoon Games, (Self-Published), Arrow Games Ltd, House Martin, Schmidt Spiele, Schou, Croner, Oriental Trading Company, StirlingFox, K.E.Leg, Pelikan, Heyne, Invicta Games, Ravensburger
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Roll / Spin and Move, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Track Movement
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Whitman, Schmidt France, Estrela, Fundex, Cayro, The Games, Galleryplay, El Greco, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Bello Games New York, Inc., IRWIN Games, Kingstone International, Smethport Specialty Co., Creative Crafthouse, Deuce, Maxco, HABA, Fame Products, Philos, Gibsons, Majora, Berliner Spielkarten, Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Golden, Basic Fun, Inc., Gammon Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, OPEN'N PLAY, Sladecolour Board Games, Galison, Chadwick Miller Inc., Skor-Mor, HEMA, Saitek, Planet Finska, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, ABRA, Selchow & Righter, Gigliodoro, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Sterling Games, Alga, Marigó, Pin International, Matsui Gaming Machine, F.X. Schmid, Merit, Schmidt International, Harlekin, Reiss Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Blatz, Jumbo, Pavilion, Inovac Rima SA, Palet spil, The Purple Cow, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Gamut of Games, Ghisò, House of Marbles, P:OS Handels GmbH, Editions ATLAS, Gold Medal, Poolmaster, Pintoy, Marlboro, CHH Games, Dos Reis, Diset S. A., Dino Toys s. r. o., Brio AB, Milton Bradley, Bisonte, Game Factory, Crisloid, Cardinal, Western Publishing Company, MB Spellen, S & E, Friendly Games, Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., Neroulia, Klee, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dilemma Games, Unicorn Products, Halsall, Wild & Wolf, Masters Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, MB Spiele, Pleasantime Games, Dal Negro, Chad Valley Co Ltd., nestorgames, Pendleton, Hector Saxe, Daells Varehus, Juegos Ya S.L., Zontik Games, WHSmith, Classic Toys, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Westside Fun Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, Square Root Games, Peri Spiele, Origem, Mitra, Silk Cut, Ramsons, Carlit, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., RoseArt, 3M, John Jaques of London, L. P. Septímio, play time, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, John Sands Pty Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), National Novelty Corp., Spear's Games, (Unknown), The Toy Network, Noris Spiele, Piatnik, Hasbro, Top Mark, Wood Expressions, Węgiel, Waddingtons, Cathay, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), M Petrushkin, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, LuduScience, (Public Domain), Søstrene Grene, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, The Op Games, Editrice Giochi, American Express, Super Accord, Tactic, Lagoon Games, (Self-Published), Arrow Games Ltd, House Martin, Schmidt Spiele, Schou, Croner, Oriental Trading Company, StirlingFox, K.E.Leg, Pelikan, Heyne, Invicta Games, Ravensburger
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Roll / Spin and Move, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Track Movement
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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