Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Piatnik, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Poolmaster, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wood Expressions, Matsui Gaming Machine, Ravensburger, The Op Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Oriental Trading Company, Marlboro, Top Mark, Waddingtons, Gamut of Games, Estrela, Søstrene Grene, Merit, Editrice Giochi, Pintoy, Alga, Bello Games New York, Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Arrow Games Ltd, Planet Finska, Square Root Games, MB Spiele, HABA, Marigó, Pressman Toy Corp., Dino Toys s. r. o., Schmidt France, MB Spellen, CHH Games, Cathay, OPEN'N PLAY, Classic Toys, Majora, Pelikan, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Super Accord, S & E, Whitman, Cayro, The Games, Creative Crafthouse, Carlit, Unicorn Products, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Deuce, House of Marbles, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Blatz, 3M, Vennerød Forlag AS, Gigliodoro, Jumbo, Hector Saxe, Smethport Specialty Co., Sladecolour Board Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Selchow & Righter, M Petrushkin, Schmidt International, Croner, Ramsons, Lagoon Games, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Cardinal, Reiss Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Gibsons, Fundex, Otto Maier Verlag, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dal Negro, Skor-Mor, (Unknown), Pleasantime Games, Gammon Games, (Public Domain), John Sands Pty Ltd, Invicta Games, House Martin, Origem, Wild & Wolf, Halsall, American Express, Berliner Spielkarten, ABRA, nestorgames, Game Factory, Zontik Games, Neroulia, HEMA, Palet spil, The Purple Cow, Glevum Games, Gold Medal, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Inovac Rima SA, Saitek, Masters Games, Maxco, Ghisò, play time, Galison, John Jaques of London, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Galleryplay, Joker, Peri Spiele, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Golden, Editions ATLAS, Basic Fun, Inc., Crisloid, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dos Reis, National Novelty Corp., Noris Spiele, LuduScience, WHSmith, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Ludens Planet, Heyne, F.X. Schmid, Western Publishing Company, Daells Varehus, Bisonte, IRWIN Games, Harlekin, Brio AB, El Greco, Spear's Games, Diset S. A., Hasbro, The Toy Network, Klee, Kingstone International, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, RoseArt, Westside Fun Games, Dilemma Games, L. P. Septímio, Schou, K.E.Leg, Juegos Ya S.L., Silk Cut, Pin International, Pavilion, Philos, StirlingFox, Fame Products, Pendleton, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Sterling Games, (Self-Published), Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Tactic, Schmidt Spiele, Węgiel, Milton Bradley, Mitra
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Piatnik, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Poolmaster, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wood Expressions, Matsui Gaming Machine, Ravensburger, The Op Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Oriental Trading Company, Marlboro, Top Mark, Waddingtons, Gamut of Games, Estrela, Søstrene Grene, Merit, Editrice Giochi, Pintoy, Alga, Bello Games New York, Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Arrow Games Ltd, Planet Finska, Square Root Games, MB Spiele, HABA, Marigó, Pressman Toy Corp., Dino Toys s. r. o., Schmidt France, MB Spellen, CHH Games, Cathay, OPEN'N PLAY, Classic Toys, Majora, Pelikan, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Super Accord, S & E, Whitman, Cayro, The Games, Creative Crafthouse, Carlit, Unicorn Products, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Deuce, House of Marbles, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Blatz, 3M, Vennerød Forlag AS, Gigliodoro, Jumbo, Hector Saxe, Smethport Specialty Co., Sladecolour Board Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Selchow & Righter, M Petrushkin, Schmidt International, Croner, Ramsons, Lagoon Games, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Cardinal, Reiss Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Gibsons, Fundex, Otto Maier Verlag, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dal Negro, Skor-Mor, (Unknown), Pleasantime Games, Gammon Games, (Public Domain), John Sands Pty Ltd, Invicta Games, House Martin, Origem, Wild & Wolf, Halsall, American Express, Berliner Spielkarten, ABRA, nestorgames, Game Factory, Zontik Games, Neroulia, HEMA, Palet spil, The Purple Cow, Glevum Games, Gold Medal, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Inovac Rima SA, Saitek, Masters Games, Maxco, Ghisò, play time, Galison, John Jaques of London, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Galleryplay, Joker, Peri Spiele, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Golden, Editions ATLAS, Basic Fun, Inc., Crisloid, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dos Reis, National Novelty Corp., Noris Spiele, LuduScience, WHSmith, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Ludens Planet, Heyne, F.X. Schmid, Western Publishing Company, Daells Varehus, Bisonte, IRWIN Games, Harlekin, Brio AB, El Greco, Spear's Games, Diset S. A., Hasbro, The Toy Network, Klee, Kingstone International, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, RoseArt, Westside Fun Games, Dilemma Games, L. P. Septímio, Schou, K.E.Leg, Juegos Ya S.L., Silk Cut, Pin International, Pavilion, Philos, StirlingFox, Fame Products, Pendleton, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Sterling Games, (Self-Published), Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Tactic, Schmidt Spiele, Węgiel, Milton Bradley, Mitra
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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