Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: House Martin, play time, Planet Finska, Jumbo, Westside Fun Games, Schmidt International, RoseArt, Smethport Specialty Co., Bello Games New York, Inc., Editrice Giochi, Square Root Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, El Greco, Sterling Games, Silk Cut, Invicta Games, Saitek, (Public Domain), F.X. Schmid, House of Marbles, nestorgames, Palet spil, Schou, Pleasantime Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Joker, Classic Toys, Editions ATLAS, Arrow Games Ltd, Heyne, MB Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Origem, StirlingFox, National Novelty Corp., Golden, Marigó, Estrela, K.E.Leg, Hasbro, Gamut of Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Galleryplay, Tactic, Oriental Trading Company, Juegos Ya S.L., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Otto Maier Verlag, Fame Products, Philos, Whitman, Berliner Spielkarten, Diset S. A., Vennerød Forlag AS, Reiss Games, The Op Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Masters Games, Klee, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Dilemma Games, Galison, Pintoy, Cayro, The Games, Gammon Games, Brio AB, Dino Toys s. r. o., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Ravensburger, Croner, Søstrene Grene, The Purple Cow, Pavilion, Mitra, Ramsons, Spear's Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Alga, Marlboro, L. P. Septímio, Schmidt Spiele, Skor-Mor, Hector Saxe, Neroulia, Daells Varehus, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Zontik Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Gold Medal, Dos Reis, Super Accord, Merit, Ghisò, Pelikan, Peri Spiele, Majora, Maxco, MB Spellen, IRWIN Games, Carlit, M Petrushkin, Fundex, Ludens Planet, WHSmith, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Poolmaster, Ariel Productions Ltd, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gigliodoro, The Toy Network, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Wild & Wolf, Blatz, Unicorn Products, Pin International, Waddingtons, Friendly Games, Inc., 3M, HEMA, Waddington Sanders Ltd., (Self-Published), Bisonte, Lagoon Games, HABA, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, LuduScience, Noris Spiele, CHH Games, Matsui Gaming Machine, Halsall, Schmidt France, Harlekin, John Jaques of London, Selchow & Righter, Kingstone International, Game Factory, Inovac Rima SA, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Top Mark, Western Publishing Company, American Express, Cardinal, OPEN'N PLAY, ABRA, Dal Negro, Sladecolour Board Games, Milton Bradley, S & E, Crisloid, Magnetic Poetry Inc, (Unknown), Gibsons, Wood Expressions, Piatnik, Cathay, Deuce, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Glevum Games, Węgiel, Pendleton, John Sands Pty Ltd
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Race, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: House Martin, play time, Planet Finska, Jumbo, Westside Fun Games, Schmidt International, RoseArt, Smethport Specialty Co., Bello Games New York, Inc., Editrice Giochi, Square Root Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, El Greco, Sterling Games, Silk Cut, Invicta Games, Saitek, (Public Domain), F.X. Schmid, House of Marbles, nestorgames, Palet spil, Schou, Pleasantime Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Joker, Classic Toys, Editions ATLAS, Arrow Games Ltd, Heyne, MB Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Origem, StirlingFox, National Novelty Corp., Golden, Marigó, Estrela, K.E.Leg, Hasbro, Gamut of Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Galleryplay, Tactic, Oriental Trading Company, Juegos Ya S.L., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Otto Maier Verlag, Fame Products, Philos, Whitman, Berliner Spielkarten, Diset S. A., Vennerød Forlag AS, Reiss Games, The Op Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Masters Games, Klee, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Dilemma Games, Galison, Pintoy, Cayro, The Games, Gammon Games, Brio AB, Dino Toys s. r. o., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Ravensburger, Croner, Søstrene Grene, The Purple Cow, Pavilion, Mitra, Ramsons, Spear's Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Alga, Marlboro, L. P. Septímio, Schmidt Spiele, Skor-Mor, Hector Saxe, Neroulia, Daells Varehus, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Zontik Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Gold Medal, Dos Reis, Super Accord, Merit, Ghisò, Pelikan, Peri Spiele, Majora, Maxco, MB Spellen, IRWIN Games, Carlit, M Petrushkin, Fundex, Ludens Planet, WHSmith, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Poolmaster, Ariel Productions Ltd, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gigliodoro, The Toy Network, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Wild & Wolf, Blatz, Unicorn Products, Pin International, Waddingtons, Friendly Games, Inc., 3M, HEMA, Waddington Sanders Ltd., (Self-Published), Bisonte, Lagoon Games, HABA, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, LuduScience, Noris Spiele, CHH Games, Matsui Gaming Machine, Halsall, Schmidt France, Harlekin, John Jaques of London, Selchow & Righter, Kingstone International, Game Factory, Inovac Rima SA, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Top Mark, Western Publishing Company, American Express, Cardinal, OPEN'N PLAY, ABRA, Dal Negro, Sladecolour Board Games, Milton Bradley, S & E, Crisloid, Magnetic Poetry Inc, (Unknown), Gibsons, Wood Expressions, Piatnik, Cathay, Deuce, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Glevum Games, Węgiel, Pendleton, John Sands Pty Ltd
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Race, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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