Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: CHH Games, Creative Crafthouse, Top Mark, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Ariel Productions Ltd, Masters Games, Spear's Games, American Express, Vennerød Forlag AS, Estrela, Hector Saxe, Pressman Toy Corp., Super Accord, M Petrushkin, John Sands Pty Ltd, Origem, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Croner, RoseArt, Philos, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Matsui Gaming Machine, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Ghisò, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, HABA, Juegos Ya S.L., Brio AB, Pavilion, Merit, Otto Maier Verlag, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Milton Bradley, Golden, Sladecolour Board Games, Marigó, Harlekin, The Purple Cow, Noris Spiele, Editions ATLAS, HEMA, Schou, Westside Fun Games, Inovac Rima SA, Pendleton, Mitra, Carlit, Neroulia, Diset S. A., National Novelty Corp., IRWIN Games, Friendly Games, Inc., S & E, Skor-Mor, F.X. Schmid, Pin International, Gibsons, Jumbo, Cardinal, Tactic, Poolmaster, The Toy Network, StirlingFox, Smethport Specialty Co., Heyne, Saitek, House Martin, Hasbro, Square Root Games, Marlboro, Blatz, Søstrene Grene, Dino Toys s. r. o., 3M, House of Marbles, WHSmith, Dal Negro, Waddingtons, Ludens Planet, Majora, Joker, Western Publishing Company, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Galison, Schmidt International, Planet Finska, Wild & Wolf, nestorgames, Galleryplay, The Op Games, Lagoon Games, Glevum Games, Selchow & Righter, Crisloid, Gammon Games, MB Spellen, ABRA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Dos Reis, Dilemma Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, Daells Varehus, Maxco, Unicorn Products, Palet spil, Editrice Giochi, Arrow Games Ltd, Ravensburger, Gigliodoro, Schmidt France, Pelikan, Halsall, (Unknown), Piatnik, El Greco, Silk Cut, P:OS Handels GmbH, Berliner Spielkarten, Sterling Games, MB Spiele, LuduScience, L. P. Septímio, Invicta Games, Węgiel, John Jaques of London, Whitman, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, (Self-Published), Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Wood Expressions, Schmidt Spiele, Gamut of Games, Cayro, The Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Ramsons, Klee, play time, Reiss Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Classic Toys, Pintoy, Fame Products, Bisonte, Kingstone International, Oriental Trading Company, Fundex, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Bello Games New York, Inc., Deuce, OPEN'N PLAY, K.E.Leg, Gold Medal, Game Factory, Pleasantime Games, (Public Domain), Cathay, Basic Fun, Inc., Peri Spiele, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Alga, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Race
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: CHH Games, Creative Crafthouse, Top Mark, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Ariel Productions Ltd, Masters Games, Spear's Games, American Express, Vennerød Forlag AS, Estrela, Hector Saxe, Pressman Toy Corp., Super Accord, M Petrushkin, John Sands Pty Ltd, Origem, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Croner, RoseArt, Philos, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Matsui Gaming Machine, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Ghisò, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, HABA, Juegos Ya S.L., Brio AB, Pavilion, Merit, Otto Maier Verlag, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Milton Bradley, Golden, Sladecolour Board Games, Marigó, Harlekin, The Purple Cow, Noris Spiele, Editions ATLAS, HEMA, Schou, Westside Fun Games, Inovac Rima SA, Pendleton, Mitra, Carlit, Neroulia, Diset S. A., National Novelty Corp., IRWIN Games, Friendly Games, Inc., S & E, Skor-Mor, F.X. Schmid, Pin International, Gibsons, Jumbo, Cardinal, Tactic, Poolmaster, The Toy Network, StirlingFox, Smethport Specialty Co., Heyne, Saitek, House Martin, Hasbro, Square Root Games, Marlboro, Blatz, Søstrene Grene, Dino Toys s. r. o., 3M, House of Marbles, WHSmith, Dal Negro, Waddingtons, Ludens Planet, Majora, Joker, Western Publishing Company, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Galison, Schmidt International, Planet Finska, Wild & Wolf, nestorgames, Galleryplay, The Op Games, Lagoon Games, Glevum Games, Selchow & Righter, Crisloid, Gammon Games, MB Spellen, ABRA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Dos Reis, Dilemma Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, Daells Varehus, Maxco, Unicorn Products, Palet spil, Editrice Giochi, Arrow Games Ltd, Ravensburger, Gigliodoro, Schmidt France, Pelikan, Halsall, (Unknown), Piatnik, El Greco, Silk Cut, P:OS Handels GmbH, Berliner Spielkarten, Sterling Games, MB Spiele, LuduScience, L. P. Septímio, Invicta Games, Węgiel, John Jaques of London, Whitman, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, (Self-Published), Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Wood Expressions, Schmidt Spiele, Gamut of Games, Cayro, The Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Ramsons, Klee, play time, Reiss Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Classic Toys, Pintoy, Fame Products, Bisonte, Kingstone International, Oriental Trading Company, Fundex, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Bello Games New York, Inc., Deuce, OPEN'N PLAY, K.E.Leg, Gold Medal, Game Factory, Pleasantime Games, (Public Domain), Cathay, Basic Fun, Inc., Peri Spiele, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Alga, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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