Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Blatz, MB Spellen, Editions ATLAS, Friendly Games, Inc., Harlekin, Golden, Smethport Specialty Co., RoseArt, Berliner Spielkarten, Węgiel, Otto Maier Verlag, John Jaques of London, Joker, Sladecolour Board Games, Matsui Gaming Machine, (Public Domain), Galison, Marigó, Classic Toys, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, WHSmith, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Gold Medal, Ghisò, Ariel Productions Ltd, Pelikan, Kingstone International, Hector Saxe, Brio AB, American Express, Milton Bradley, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Estrela, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Neroulia, Piatnik, Pin International, Gammon Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, House of Marbles, Philos, El Greco, Pleasantime Games, Hasbro, Cathay, Top Mark, F.X. Schmid, Zontik Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Whitman, Dilemma Games, Planet Finska, Maxco, Reiss Games, Marlboro, Halsall, National Novelty Corp., Ravensburger, Saitek, Editrice Giochi, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Galleryplay, Origem, Silk Cut, Super Accord, Diset S. A., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dal Negro, Deuce, K.E.Leg, nestorgames, HEMA, Dos Reis, Ludens Planet, Merit, Invicta Games, Inovac Rima SA, OPEN'N PLAY, Majora, play time, Mitra, Fame Products, Skor-Mor, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Schmidt International, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Gigliodoro, Fundex, Crisloid, Alga, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pintoy, Dino Toys s. r. o., LuduScience, Masters Games, (Self-Published), ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, L. P. Septímio, Schmidt Spiele, Tactic, Ramsons, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Selchow & Righter, Westside Fun Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Western Publishing Company, Oriental Trading Company, IRWIN Games, ABRA, 3M, Arrow Games Ltd, The Op Games, Lagoon Games, Waddingtons, StirlingFox, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Cayro, The Games, Carlit, Glevum Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., M Petrushkin, Square Root Games, CHH Games, Poolmaster, The Toy Network, Juegos Ya S.L., Klee, Pressman Toy Corp., Creative Crafthouse, Unicorn Products, Bisonte, Wood Expressions, The Purple Cow, Heyne, Cardinal, Gamut of Games, Spear's Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Sterling Games, Jumbo, Søstrene Grene, HABA, Gibsons, Daells Varehus, Pavilion, MB Spiele, House Martin, S & E, (Unknown), Noris Spiele, Wild & Wolf, Palet spil, Croner, Schmidt France, Pendleton, Schou, Peri Spiele, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Game Factory
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Race, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Blatz, MB Spellen, Editions ATLAS, Friendly Games, Inc., Harlekin, Golden, Smethport Specialty Co., RoseArt, Berliner Spielkarten, Węgiel, Otto Maier Verlag, John Jaques of London, Joker, Sladecolour Board Games, Matsui Gaming Machine, (Public Domain), Galison, Marigó, Classic Toys, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, WHSmith, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Gold Medal, Ghisò, Ariel Productions Ltd, Pelikan, Kingstone International, Hector Saxe, Brio AB, American Express, Milton Bradley, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Estrela, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Neroulia, Piatnik, Pin International, Gammon Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, House of Marbles, Philos, El Greco, Pleasantime Games, Hasbro, Cathay, Top Mark, F.X. Schmid, Zontik Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Whitman, Dilemma Games, Planet Finska, Maxco, Reiss Games, Marlboro, Halsall, National Novelty Corp., Ravensburger, Saitek, Editrice Giochi, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Galleryplay, Origem, Silk Cut, Super Accord, Diset S. A., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dal Negro, Deuce, K.E.Leg, nestorgames, HEMA, Dos Reis, Ludens Planet, Merit, Invicta Games, Inovac Rima SA, OPEN'N PLAY, Majora, play time, Mitra, Fame Products, Skor-Mor, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Schmidt International, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Gigliodoro, Fundex, Crisloid, Alga, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pintoy, Dino Toys s. r. o., LuduScience, Masters Games, (Self-Published), ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, L. P. Septímio, Schmidt Spiele, Tactic, Ramsons, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Selchow & Righter, Westside Fun Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Western Publishing Company, Oriental Trading Company, IRWIN Games, ABRA, 3M, Arrow Games Ltd, The Op Games, Lagoon Games, Waddingtons, StirlingFox, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Cayro, The Games, Carlit, Glevum Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., M Petrushkin, Square Root Games, CHH Games, Poolmaster, The Toy Network, Juegos Ya S.L., Klee, Pressman Toy Corp., Creative Crafthouse, Unicorn Products, Bisonte, Wood Expressions, The Purple Cow, Heyne, Cardinal, Gamut of Games, Spear's Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Sterling Games, Jumbo, Søstrene Grene, HABA, Gibsons, Daells Varehus, Pavilion, MB Spiele, House Martin, S & E, (Unknown), Noris Spiele, Wild & Wolf, Palet spil, Croner, Schmidt France, Pendleton, Schou, Peri Spiele, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Game Factory
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Race, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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