Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Vennerød Forlag AS, ABRA, Estrela, Kingstone International, Galison, Arrow Games Ltd, Klee, L. P. Septímio, Basic Fun, Inc., Blatz, Creative Crafthouse, CHH Games, Square Root Games, Wood Expressions, House of Marbles, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Selchow & Righter, Western Publishing Company, (Self-Published), Magnetic Poetry Inc, Carlit, Wild & Wolf, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., IRWIN Games, El Greco, Ramsons, Daells Varehus, Sladecolour Board Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Deuce, Peri Spiele, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Brio AB, Maxco, Berliner Spielkarten, Marlboro, Editrice Giochi, K.E.Leg, Dal Negro, HEMA, Dos Reis, Jumbo, Diset S. A., play time, Silk Cut, Super Accord, Fundex, StirlingFox, Harlekin, House Martin, Węgiel, Pintoy, Hasbro, Planet Finska, Reiss Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Milton Bradley, Majora, Pelikan, Pendleton, Pleasantime Games, Unicorn Products, Classic Toys, Golden, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., (Public Domain), National Novelty Corp., Piatnik, Cathay, Bello Games New York, Inc., Pavilion, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Westside Fun Games, (Unknown), Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), RoseArt, Inovac Rima SA, Juegos Ya S.L., MB Spellen, F.X. Schmid, Marigó, Palet spil, Saitek, Heyne, Noris Spiele, Neroulia, John Sands Pty Ltd, Gibsons, Gamut of Games, Gammon Games, S & E, The Purple Cow, Pressman Toy Corp., Cayro, The Games, Otto Maier Verlag, John Jaques of London, nestorgames, Ravensburger, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, 3M, Matsui Gaming Machine, Oriental Trading Company, Sterling Games, Tactic, Game Factory, M Petrushkin, Schmidt France, Friendly Games, Inc., Lagoon Games, Whitman, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Top Mark, Fame Products, Gold Medal, Gigliodoro, Editions ATLAS, Pin International, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, LuduScience, The Op Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Waddingtons, Spear's Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Schmidt Spiele, Invicta Games, Philos, Ghisò, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Crisloid, Zontik Games, Mitra, Merit, American Express, Chadwick Miller Inc., Schou, Ariel Productions Ltd, WHSmith, Glevum Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Poolmaster, Halsall, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Smethport Specialty Co., Alga, HABA, Bisonte, Søstrene Grene, MB Spiele, Joker, Masters Games, Hector Saxe, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., The Toy Network, Cardinal, Croner, Origem, Galleryplay, Dilemma Games, Skor-Mor, Ludens Planet, P:OS Handels GmbH, Schmidt International
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Vennerød Forlag AS, ABRA, Estrela, Kingstone International, Galison, Arrow Games Ltd, Klee, L. P. Septímio, Basic Fun, Inc., Blatz, Creative Crafthouse, CHH Games, Square Root Games, Wood Expressions, House of Marbles, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Selchow & Righter, Western Publishing Company, (Self-Published), Magnetic Poetry Inc, Carlit, Wild & Wolf, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., IRWIN Games, El Greco, Ramsons, Daells Varehus, Sladecolour Board Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Deuce, Peri Spiele, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Brio AB, Maxco, Berliner Spielkarten, Marlboro, Editrice Giochi, K.E.Leg, Dal Negro, HEMA, Dos Reis, Jumbo, Diset S. A., play time, Silk Cut, Super Accord, Fundex, StirlingFox, Harlekin, House Martin, Węgiel, Pintoy, Hasbro, Planet Finska, Reiss Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Milton Bradley, Majora, Pelikan, Pendleton, Pleasantime Games, Unicorn Products, Classic Toys, Golden, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., (Public Domain), National Novelty Corp., Piatnik, Cathay, Bello Games New York, Inc., Pavilion, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Westside Fun Games, (Unknown), Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), RoseArt, Inovac Rima SA, Juegos Ya S.L., MB Spellen, F.X. Schmid, Marigó, Palet spil, Saitek, Heyne, Noris Spiele, Neroulia, John Sands Pty Ltd, Gibsons, Gamut of Games, Gammon Games, S & E, The Purple Cow, Pressman Toy Corp., Cayro, The Games, Otto Maier Verlag, John Jaques of London, nestorgames, Ravensburger, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, 3M, Matsui Gaming Machine, Oriental Trading Company, Sterling Games, Tactic, Game Factory, M Petrushkin, Schmidt France, Friendly Games, Inc., Lagoon Games, Whitman, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Top Mark, Fame Products, Gold Medal, Gigliodoro, Editions ATLAS, Pin International, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, LuduScience, The Op Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Waddingtons, Spear's Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Schmidt Spiele, Invicta Games, Philos, Ghisò, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Crisloid, Zontik Games, Mitra, Merit, American Express, Chadwick Miller Inc., Schou, Ariel Productions Ltd, WHSmith, Glevum Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Poolmaster, Halsall, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Smethport Specialty Co., Alga, HABA, Bisonte, Søstrene Grene, MB Spiele, Joker, Masters Games, Hector Saxe, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., The Toy Network, Cardinal, Croner, Origem, Galleryplay, Dilemma Games, Skor-Mor, Ludens Planet, P:OS Handels GmbH, Schmidt International
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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