Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Cardinal, Daells Varehus, Lagoon Games, House of Marbles, Palet spil, Pintoy, MB Spellen, 3M, The Purple Cow, Dilemma Games, Wood Expressions, Fundex, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., RoseArt, (Self-Published), Zontik Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, Selchow & Righter, Marlboro, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Ravensburger, Galleryplay, Sladecolour Board Games, Kingstone International, Square Root Games, Marigó, Gold Medal, Gamut of Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Unicorn Products, Game Factory, Hector Saxe, Pressman Toy Corp., Jumbo, Neroulia, Merit, Poolmaster, Editions ATLAS, Maxco, John Jaques of London, Schmidt Spiele, Friendly Games, Inc., Crisloid, Skor-Mor, Smethport Specialty Co., Pendleton, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Glevum Games, Dos Reis, Noris Spiele, Gibsons, Arrow Games Ltd, Pelikan, Carlit, Bello Games New York, Inc., Cathay, Cayro, The Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Oriental Trading Company, K.E.Leg, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Schmidt International, Planet Finska, Westside Fun Games, IRWIN Games, L. P. Septímio, Pin International, LuduScience, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, WHSmith, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Chadwick Miller Inc., Ludens Planet, Diset S. A., Saitek, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Ramsons, Deuce, HEMA, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Blatz, El Greco, Super Accord, Reiss Games, (Public Domain), Pleasantime Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Galison, Origem, Klee, Majora, MB Spiele, Chad Valley Co Ltd., HABA, Whitman, Inovac Rima SA, Milton Bradley, Piatnik, CHH Games, Dal Negro, Matsui Gaming Machine, Sterling Games, Invicta Games, Gammon Games, Harlekin, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Silk Cut, Pavilion, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, P:OS Handels GmbH, Heyne, Søstrene Grene, Fame Products, Juegos Ya S.L., Ghisò, play time, Estrela, John Sands Pty Ltd, Philos, Otto Maier Verlag, Gigliodoro, Mitra, Halsall, Editrice Giochi, Schou, Masters Games, Brio AB, The Op Games, S & E, nestorgames, Waddingtons, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Creative Crafthouse, Western Publishing Company, American Express, Croner, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), StirlingFox, Hasbro, F.X. Schmid, Ariel Productions Ltd, Top Mark, The Toy Network, Węgiel, Tactic, National Novelty Corp., Peri Spiele, Joker, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Wild & Wolf, Golden, Spear's Games, Bisonte, ABRA, Classic Toys, Schmidt France, Alga, (Unknown), M Petrushkin, House Martin
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Race, Static Capture
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Cardinal, Daells Varehus, Lagoon Games, House of Marbles, Palet spil, Pintoy, MB Spellen, 3M, The Purple Cow, Dilemma Games, Wood Expressions, Fundex, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., RoseArt, (Self-Published), Zontik Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, Selchow & Righter, Marlboro, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Ravensburger, Galleryplay, Sladecolour Board Games, Kingstone International, Square Root Games, Marigó, Gold Medal, Gamut of Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Unicorn Products, Game Factory, Hector Saxe, Pressman Toy Corp., Jumbo, Neroulia, Merit, Poolmaster, Editions ATLAS, Maxco, John Jaques of London, Schmidt Spiele, Friendly Games, Inc., Crisloid, Skor-Mor, Smethport Specialty Co., Pendleton, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Glevum Games, Dos Reis, Noris Spiele, Gibsons, Arrow Games Ltd, Pelikan, Carlit, Bello Games New York, Inc., Cathay, Cayro, The Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Oriental Trading Company, K.E.Leg, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Schmidt International, Planet Finska, Westside Fun Games, IRWIN Games, L. P. Septímio, Pin International, LuduScience, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, WHSmith, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Chadwick Miller Inc., Ludens Planet, Diset S. A., Saitek, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Ramsons, Deuce, HEMA, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Blatz, El Greco, Super Accord, Reiss Games, (Public Domain), Pleasantime Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Galison, Origem, Klee, Majora, MB Spiele, Chad Valley Co Ltd., HABA, Whitman, Inovac Rima SA, Milton Bradley, Piatnik, CHH Games, Dal Negro, Matsui Gaming Machine, Sterling Games, Invicta Games, Gammon Games, Harlekin, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Silk Cut, Pavilion, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, P:OS Handels GmbH, Heyne, Søstrene Grene, Fame Products, Juegos Ya S.L., Ghisò, play time, Estrela, John Sands Pty Ltd, Philos, Otto Maier Verlag, Gigliodoro, Mitra, Halsall, Editrice Giochi, Schou, Masters Games, Brio AB, The Op Games, S & E, nestorgames, Waddingtons, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Creative Crafthouse, Western Publishing Company, American Express, Croner, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), StirlingFox, Hasbro, F.X. Schmid, Ariel Productions Ltd, Top Mark, The Toy Network, Węgiel, Tactic, National Novelty Corp., Peri Spiele, Joker, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Wild & Wolf, Golden, Spear's Games, Bisonte, ABRA, Classic Toys, Schmidt France, Alga, (Unknown), M Petrushkin, House Martin
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Race, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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