Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Pelikan, Blatz, Westside Fun Games, Daells Varehus, Jumbo, Piatnik, Golden, Masters Games, Reiss Games, (Unknown), Ludens Planet, Ramsons, Mitra, Søstrene Grene, Milton Bradley, Merit, Matsui Gaming Machine, HABA, Friendly Games, Inc., Philos, Wild & Wolf, Lagoon Games, Dilemma Games, 3M, Smethport Specialty Co., Alga, HEMA, Inovac Rima SA, Cayro, The Games, Silk Cut, Halsall, Western Publishing Company, Chadwick Miller Inc., Basic Fun, Inc., Wood Expressions, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Klee, Square Root Games, Joker, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Croner, M Petrushkin, Unicorn Products, Gigliodoro, Bello Games New York, Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., Hasbro, Cathay, RoseArt, Ghisò, Tactic, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Estrela, Juegos Ya S.L., Top Mark, Glevum Games, Noris Spiele, Brio AB, Dal Negro, Schmidt Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), StirlingFox, Schmidt France, MB Spellen, The Purple Cow, Peri Spiele, Ravensburger, Pendleton, Galison, Fame Products, Schou, Sladecolour Board Games, House of Marbles, Vennerød Forlag AS, Pintoy, Editions ATLAS, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Origem, Spear's Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Fundex, WHSmith, Harlekin, nestorgames, Maxco, (Self-Published), Bisonte, Palet spil, Arrow Games Ltd, Pressman Toy Corp., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Deuce, CHH Games, House Martin, Carlit, F.X. Schmid, Chad Valley Co Ltd., The Op Games, Game Factory, Marlboro, Pleasantime Games, Dos Reis, L. P. Septímio, El Greco, Whitman, Zontik Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, P:OS Handels GmbH, ABRA, Diset S. A., Gammon Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Editrice Giochi, Gold Medal, Waddingtons, Berliner Spielkarten, Crisloid, Classic Toys, Sterling Games, Cardinal, Galleryplay, Gamut of Games, The Toy Network, Pin International, Neroulia, John Sands Pty Ltd, K.E.Leg, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Oriental Trading Company, Schmidt International, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Poolmaster, Heyne, Marigó, Otto Maier Verlag, National Novelty Corp., John Jaques of London, Saitek, Super Accord, Węgiel, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Gibsons, (Public Domain), Kingstone International, S & E, Invicta Games, Planet Finska, Hector Saxe, MB Spiele, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Selchow & Righter, LuduScience, play time, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Ariel Productions Ltd, American Express, Skor-Mor, Majora, Pavilion, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Creative Crafthouse, IRWIN Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc.
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing, Race, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Pelikan, Blatz, Westside Fun Games, Daells Varehus, Jumbo, Piatnik, Golden, Masters Games, Reiss Games, (Unknown), Ludens Planet, Ramsons, Mitra, Søstrene Grene, Milton Bradley, Merit, Matsui Gaming Machine, HABA, Friendly Games, Inc., Philos, Wild & Wolf, Lagoon Games, Dilemma Games, 3M, Smethport Specialty Co., Alga, HEMA, Inovac Rima SA, Cayro, The Games, Silk Cut, Halsall, Western Publishing Company, Chadwick Miller Inc., Basic Fun, Inc., Wood Expressions, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Klee, Square Root Games, Joker, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Croner, M Petrushkin, Unicorn Products, Gigliodoro, Bello Games New York, Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., Hasbro, Cathay, RoseArt, Ghisò, Tactic, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Estrela, Juegos Ya S.L., Top Mark, Glevum Games, Noris Spiele, Brio AB, Dal Negro, Schmidt Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), StirlingFox, Schmidt France, MB Spellen, The Purple Cow, Peri Spiele, Ravensburger, Pendleton, Galison, Fame Products, Schou, Sladecolour Board Games, House of Marbles, Vennerød Forlag AS, Pintoy, Editions ATLAS, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Origem, Spear's Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Fundex, WHSmith, Harlekin, nestorgames, Maxco, (Self-Published), Bisonte, Palet spil, Arrow Games Ltd, Pressman Toy Corp., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Deuce, CHH Games, House Martin, Carlit, F.X. Schmid, Chad Valley Co Ltd., The Op Games, Game Factory, Marlboro, Pleasantime Games, Dos Reis, L. P. Septímio, El Greco, Whitman, Zontik Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, P:OS Handels GmbH, ABRA, Diset S. A., Gammon Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Editrice Giochi, Gold Medal, Waddingtons, Berliner Spielkarten, Crisloid, Classic Toys, Sterling Games, Cardinal, Galleryplay, Gamut of Games, The Toy Network, Pin International, Neroulia, John Sands Pty Ltd, K.E.Leg, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Oriental Trading Company, Schmidt International, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Poolmaster, Heyne, Marigó, Otto Maier Verlag, National Novelty Corp., John Jaques of London, Saitek, Super Accord, Węgiel, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Gibsons, (Public Domain), Kingstone International, S & E, Invicta Games, Planet Finska, Hector Saxe, MB Spiele, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Selchow & Righter, LuduScience, play time, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Ariel Productions Ltd, American Express, Skor-Mor, Majora, Pavilion, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Creative Crafthouse, IRWIN Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc.
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing, Race, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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