Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Classic Toys, American Express, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Glevum Games, play time, Harlekin, L. P. Septímio, ABRA, Ravensburger, (Unknown), The Op Games, Blatz, Cayro, The Games, John Jaques of London, P:OS Handels GmbH, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Tactic, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, StirlingFox, Gammon Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Mitra, Ghisò, Square Root Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, 3M, Pavilion, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Super Accord, Vennerød Forlag AS, Heyne, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Majora, Cardinal, Silk Cut, Marlboro, Estrela, Galleryplay, Westside Fun Games, MB Spellen, M Petrushkin, John Sands Pty Ltd, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Joker, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, IRWIN Games, Zontik Games, Waddingtons, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Noris Spiele, Gigliodoro, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Sladecolour Board Games, Top Mark, Bello Games New York, Inc., Palet spil, National Novelty Corp., Halsall, Węgiel, Gamut of Games, Game Factory, HABA, Jumbo, MB Spiele, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Creative Crafthouse, Milton Bradley, Berliner Spielkarten, Editrice Giochi, Dos Reis, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Ariel Productions Ltd, Neroulia, S & E, Unicorn Products, Klee, Ramsons, Marigó, Reiss Games, Gold Medal, Planet Finska, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Arrow Games Ltd, Fame Products, Selchow & Righter, Golden, nestorgames, Skor-Mor, Spear's Games, The Purple Cow, Bisonte, Basic Fun, Inc., Inovac Rima SA, Galison, House Martin, Pleasantime Games, Invicta Games, Philos, El Greco, Søstrene Grene, Masters Games, Hector Saxe, Friendly Games, Inc., Schou, Dal Negro, Piatnik, Editions ATLAS, Wood Expressions, (Self-Published), Lagoon Games, RoseArt, Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, (Public Domain), Ludens Planet, Deuce, F.X. Schmid, Peri Spiele, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Crisloid, Pelikan, Fundex, Schmidt France, Cathay, Brio AB, LuduScience, OPEN'N PLAY, Hasbro, K.E.Leg, Kingstone International, CHH Games, Gibsons, Saitek, Alga, Wild & Wolf, HEMA, House of Marbles, Origem, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Daells Varehus, Chadwick Miller Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Smethport Specialty Co., Pin International, Merit, Diset S. A., Croner, Whitman, Pressman Toy Corp., Schmidt Spiele, Dilemma Games, Schmidt International, Oriental Trading Company, Pintoy, Maxco, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Carlit, The Toy Network, Juegos Ya S.L., WHSmith, Pendleton
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Track Movement
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Classic Toys, American Express, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Glevum Games, play time, Harlekin, L. P. Septímio, ABRA, Ravensburger, (Unknown), The Op Games, Blatz, Cayro, The Games, John Jaques of London, P:OS Handels GmbH, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Tactic, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, StirlingFox, Gammon Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Mitra, Ghisò, Square Root Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, 3M, Pavilion, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Super Accord, Vennerød Forlag AS, Heyne, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Majora, Cardinal, Silk Cut, Marlboro, Estrela, Galleryplay, Westside Fun Games, MB Spellen, M Petrushkin, John Sands Pty Ltd, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Joker, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, IRWIN Games, Zontik Games, Waddingtons, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Noris Spiele, Gigliodoro, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Sladecolour Board Games, Top Mark, Bello Games New York, Inc., Palet spil, National Novelty Corp., Halsall, Węgiel, Gamut of Games, Game Factory, HABA, Jumbo, MB Spiele, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Creative Crafthouse, Milton Bradley, Berliner Spielkarten, Editrice Giochi, Dos Reis, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Ariel Productions Ltd, Neroulia, S & E, Unicorn Products, Klee, Ramsons, Marigó, Reiss Games, Gold Medal, Planet Finska, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Arrow Games Ltd, Fame Products, Selchow & Righter, Golden, nestorgames, Skor-Mor, Spear's Games, The Purple Cow, Bisonte, Basic Fun, Inc., Inovac Rima SA, Galison, House Martin, Pleasantime Games, Invicta Games, Philos, El Greco, Søstrene Grene, Masters Games, Hector Saxe, Friendly Games, Inc., Schou, Dal Negro, Piatnik, Editions ATLAS, Wood Expressions, (Self-Published), Lagoon Games, RoseArt, Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, (Public Domain), Ludens Planet, Deuce, F.X. Schmid, Peri Spiele, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Crisloid, Pelikan, Fundex, Schmidt France, Cathay, Brio AB, LuduScience, OPEN'N PLAY, Hasbro, K.E.Leg, Kingstone International, CHH Games, Gibsons, Saitek, Alga, Wild & Wolf, HEMA, House of Marbles, Origem, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Daells Varehus, Chadwick Miller Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Smethport Specialty Co., Pin International, Merit, Diset S. A., Croner, Whitman, Pressman Toy Corp., Schmidt Spiele, Dilemma Games, Schmidt International, Oriental Trading Company, Pintoy, Maxco, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Carlit, The Toy Network, Juegos Ya S.L., WHSmith, Pendleton
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Track Movement
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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