Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Waddingtons, Daells Varehus, MB Spiele, John Jaques of London, Game Factory, Westside Fun Games, Kingstone International, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Juegos Ya S.L., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, John Sands Pty Ltd, Diset S. A., The Op Games, Galleryplay, Creative Crafthouse, Deuce, Selchow & Righter, LuduScience, House Martin, Philos, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Whitman, The Purple Cow, Marlboro, CHH Games, Berliner Spielkarten, Chadwick Miller Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Ludens Planet, Bello Games New York, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Alga, Cardinal, play time, Wood Expressions, Pendleton, Saitek, M Petrushkin, Reiss Games, Editrice Giochi, Pelikan, Poolmaster, Square Root Games, Brio AB, Fame Products, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Friendly Games, Inc., Noris Spiele, F.X. Schmid, Croner, Heyne, Estrela, Fundex, Wild & Wolf, L. P. Septímio, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., StirlingFox, S & E, Spear's Games, Unicorn Products, Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, Crisloid, Galison, Blatz, Ghisò, Piatnik, 3M, The Toy Network, Gammon Games, Skor-Mor, Gamut of Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Top Mark, Majora, Klee, Tactic, Inovac Rima SA, Ravensburger, Schou, K.E.Leg, Western Publishing Company, Zontik Games, Dilemma Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Editions ATLAS, Lagoon Games, El Greco, Pin International, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Carlit, Marigó, Otto Maier Verlag, Harlekin, Cathay, House of Marbles, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Cayro, The Games, Hasbro, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dos Reis, Gold Medal, Golden, RoseArt, Gigliodoro, IRWIN Games, Søstrene Grene, American Express, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Basic Fun, Inc., Sterling Games, Planet Finska, Sladecolour Board Games, Palet spil, Schmidt France, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Schmidt Spiele, Halsall, Origem, Pintoy, Milton Bradley, MB Spellen, Super Accord, Neroulia, HEMA, (Self-Published), Oriental Trading Company, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Bisonte, Pleasantime Games, Silk Cut, Mitra, Jumbo, Ariel Productions Ltd, Ramsons, Matsui Gaming Machine, Pressman Toy Corp., Glevum Games, Węgiel, (Public Domain), nestorgames, Dal Negro, (Unknown), Hector Saxe, Schmidt International, Maxco, Gibsons, ABRA, Arrow Games Ltd, Classic Toys, Merit, Peri Spiele, Masters Games, WHSmith, Smethport Specialty Co., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, HABA, Invicta Games, Pavilion, National Novelty Corp., Chad Valley Co Ltd.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Waddingtons, Daells Varehus, MB Spiele, John Jaques of London, Game Factory, Westside Fun Games, Kingstone International, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Juegos Ya S.L., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, John Sands Pty Ltd, Diset S. A., The Op Games, Galleryplay, Creative Crafthouse, Deuce, Selchow & Righter, LuduScience, House Martin, Philos, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Whitman, The Purple Cow, Marlboro, CHH Games, Berliner Spielkarten, Chadwick Miller Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Ludens Planet, Bello Games New York, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Alga, Cardinal, play time, Wood Expressions, Pendleton, Saitek, M Petrushkin, Reiss Games, Editrice Giochi, Pelikan, Poolmaster, Square Root Games, Brio AB, Fame Products, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Friendly Games, Inc., Noris Spiele, F.X. Schmid, Croner, Heyne, Estrela, Fundex, Wild & Wolf, L. P. Septímio, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., StirlingFox, S & E, Spear's Games, Unicorn Products, Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, Crisloid, Galison, Blatz, Ghisò, Piatnik, 3M, The Toy Network, Gammon Games, Skor-Mor, Gamut of Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Top Mark, Majora, Klee, Tactic, Inovac Rima SA, Ravensburger, Schou, K.E.Leg, Western Publishing Company, Zontik Games, Dilemma Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Editions ATLAS, Lagoon Games, El Greco, Pin International, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Carlit, Marigó, Otto Maier Verlag, Harlekin, Cathay, House of Marbles, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Cayro, The Games, Hasbro, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dos Reis, Gold Medal, Golden, RoseArt, Gigliodoro, IRWIN Games, Søstrene Grene, American Express, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Basic Fun, Inc., Sterling Games, Planet Finska, Sladecolour Board Games, Palet spil, Schmidt France, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Schmidt Spiele, Halsall, Origem, Pintoy, Milton Bradley, MB Spellen, Super Accord, Neroulia, HEMA, (Self-Published), Oriental Trading Company, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Bisonte, Pleasantime Games, Silk Cut, Mitra, Jumbo, Ariel Productions Ltd, Ramsons, Matsui Gaming Machine, Pressman Toy Corp., Glevum Games, Węgiel, (Public Domain), nestorgames, Dal Negro, (Unknown), Hector Saxe, Schmidt International, Maxco, Gibsons, ABRA, Arrow Games Ltd, Classic Toys, Merit, Peri Spiele, Masters Games, WHSmith, Smethport Specialty Co., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, HABA, Invicta Games, Pavilion, National Novelty Corp., Chad Valley Co Ltd.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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