Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Arrow Games Ltd, Węgiel, House of Marbles, Mitra, play time, Cayro, The Games, House Martin, Ravensburger, Silk Cut, Galleryplay, Galison, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Marigó, (Unknown), Dino Toys s. r. o., Jumbo, Fame Products, Estrela, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., LuduScience, Klee, Dilemma Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, El Greco, Super Accord, Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, The Purple Cow, HEMA, MB Spiele, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, K.E.Leg, Kingstone International, Editrice Giochi, Neroulia, 3M, Classic Toys, Carlit, Schou, Cardinal, Berliner Spielkarten, Gigliodoro, Poolmaster, Schmidt Spiele, Selchow & Righter, S & E, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, OPEN'N PLAY, American Express, Matsui Gaming Machine, Maxco, Hector Saxe, Alga, Friendly Games, Inc., Daells Varehus, Top Mark, (Public Domain), The Op Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., John Jaques of London, Pavilion, Gibsons, Majora, Dos Reis, Pendleton, Cathay, Creative Crafthouse, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Philos, Crisloid, Pin International, Ramsons, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Merit, MB Spellen, Tactic, (Self-Published), Smethport Specialty Co., Peri Spiele, Pleasantime Games, F.X. Schmid, Unicorn Products, Basic Fun, Inc., Hasbro, Wood Expressions, Marlboro, Masters Games, WHSmith, Whitman, Sterling Games, Wild & Wolf, Schmidt France, IRWIN Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Golden, Dal Negro, Diset S. A., The Toy Network, Brio AB, nestorgames, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, StirlingFox, Ariel Productions Ltd, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Gammon Games, Juegos Ya S.L., Square Root Games, Harlekin, Reiss Games, Lagoon Games, Skor-Mor, Sladecolour Board Games, Editions ATLAS, M Petrushkin, Waddingtons, Søstrene Grene, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Game Factory, Saitek, Fundex, Milton Bradley, HABA, Spear's Games, Croner, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ludens Planet, L. P. Septímio, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Gamut of Games, Blatz, Gold Medal, Glevum Games, Origem, Bisonte, Deuce, Western Publishing Company, ABRA, Otto Maier Verlag, Pelikan, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Westside Fun Games, CHH Games, Planet Finska, Halsall, National Novelty Corp., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Zontik Games, Ghisò, Inovac Rima SA, Invicta Games, Pintoy, RoseArt, Palet spil, Oriental Trading Company, Schmidt International, Noris Spiele, Heyne, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Chadwick Miller Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Piatnik, John Sands Pty Ltd
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Arrow Games Ltd, Węgiel, House of Marbles, Mitra, play time, Cayro, The Games, House Martin, Ravensburger, Silk Cut, Galleryplay, Galison, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Marigó, (Unknown), Dino Toys s. r. o., Jumbo, Fame Products, Estrela, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., LuduScience, Klee, Dilemma Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, El Greco, Super Accord, Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, The Purple Cow, HEMA, MB Spiele, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, K.E.Leg, Kingstone International, Editrice Giochi, Neroulia, 3M, Classic Toys, Carlit, Schou, Cardinal, Berliner Spielkarten, Gigliodoro, Poolmaster, Schmidt Spiele, Selchow & Righter, S & E, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, OPEN'N PLAY, American Express, Matsui Gaming Machine, Maxco, Hector Saxe, Alga, Friendly Games, Inc., Daells Varehus, Top Mark, (Public Domain), The Op Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., John Jaques of London, Pavilion, Gibsons, Majora, Dos Reis, Pendleton, Cathay, Creative Crafthouse, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Philos, Crisloid, Pin International, Ramsons, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Merit, MB Spellen, Tactic, (Self-Published), Smethport Specialty Co., Peri Spiele, Pleasantime Games, F.X. Schmid, Unicorn Products, Basic Fun, Inc., Hasbro, Wood Expressions, Marlboro, Masters Games, WHSmith, Whitman, Sterling Games, Wild & Wolf, Schmidt France, IRWIN Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Golden, Dal Negro, Diset S. A., The Toy Network, Brio AB, nestorgames, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, StirlingFox, Ariel Productions Ltd, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Gammon Games, Juegos Ya S.L., Square Root Games, Harlekin, Reiss Games, Lagoon Games, Skor-Mor, Sladecolour Board Games, Editions ATLAS, M Petrushkin, Waddingtons, Søstrene Grene, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Game Factory, Saitek, Fundex, Milton Bradley, HABA, Spear's Games, Croner, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ludens Planet, L. P. Septímio, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Gamut of Games, Blatz, Gold Medal, Glevum Games, Origem, Bisonte, Deuce, Western Publishing Company, ABRA, Otto Maier Verlag, Pelikan, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Westside Fun Games, CHH Games, Planet Finska, Halsall, National Novelty Corp., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Zontik Games, Ghisò, Inovac Rima SA, Invicta Games, Pintoy, RoseArt, Palet spil, Oriental Trading Company, Schmidt International, Noris Spiele, Heyne, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Chadwick Miller Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Piatnik, John Sands Pty Ltd
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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