Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Węgiel, Basic Fun, Inc., Pin International, Planet Finska, Pintoy, Gold Medal, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Halsall, Heyne, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Super Accord, Golden, Oriental Trading Company, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Mitra, Zontik Games, Selchow & Righter, Saitek, Brio AB, RoseArt, Ramsons, Schou, Majora, Masters Games, S & E, Ghisò, OPEN'N PLAY, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Piatnik, Editrice Giochi, nestorgames, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Pleasantime Games, Jumbo, Neroulia, Lagoon Games, LuduScience, Croner, StirlingFox, Harlekin, Inovac Rima SA, Schmidt International, Chadwick Miller Inc., El Greco, MB Spellen, WHSmith, L. P. Septímio, Kingstone International, Classic Toys, Galison, Schmidt Spiele, Pressman Toy Corp., Fame Products, play time, Marlboro, Ariel Productions Ltd, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, John Jaques of London, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Deuce, (Public Domain), Reiss Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Ravensburger, ABRA, Friendly Games, Inc., Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pavilion, Cathay, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Hasbro, Dino Toys s. r. o., Waddingtons, M Petrushkin, Bello Games New York, Inc., Merit, Glevum Games, 3M, (Self-Published), Blatz, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Skor-Mor, Poolmaster, Dos Reis, Galleryplay, The Purple Cow, Ludens Planet, Juegos Ya S.L., House Martin, Gamut of Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Matsui Gaming Machine, Cayro, The Games, Unicorn Products, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Magnetic Poetry Inc, Crisloid, Klee, Spear's Games, House of Marbles, Fundex, CHH Games, Philos, Whitman, Alga, MB Spiele, Palet spil, National Novelty Corp., Gigliodoro, Pelikan, Creative Crafthouse, HABA, Game Factory, Pendleton, Silk Cut, The Toy Network, (Unknown), Tactic, The Op Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Peri Spiele, Berliner Spielkarten, John Sands Pty Ltd, Noris Spiele, Maxco, American Express, Sladecolour Board Games, F.X. Schmid, Estrela, Editions ATLAS, Gibsons, Dilemma Games, Origem, Diset S. A., Cardinal, Schmidt France, Bisonte, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Westside Fun Games, Dal Negro, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, HEMA, K.E.Leg, Gammon Games, Milton Bradley, Carlit, Vennerød Forlag AS, Top Mark, Joker, Western Publishing Company, Hector Saxe, Square Root Games, Wild & Wolf, Wood Expressions, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, IRWIN Games, Marigó, Søstrene Grene, Invicta Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Daells Varehus
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Race
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Węgiel, Basic Fun, Inc., Pin International, Planet Finska, Pintoy, Gold Medal, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Halsall, Heyne, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Super Accord, Golden, Oriental Trading Company, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Mitra, Zontik Games, Selchow & Righter, Saitek, Brio AB, RoseArt, Ramsons, Schou, Majora, Masters Games, S & E, Ghisò, OPEN'N PLAY, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Piatnik, Editrice Giochi, nestorgames, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Pleasantime Games, Jumbo, Neroulia, Lagoon Games, LuduScience, Croner, StirlingFox, Harlekin, Inovac Rima SA, Schmidt International, Chadwick Miller Inc., El Greco, MB Spellen, WHSmith, L. P. Septímio, Kingstone International, Classic Toys, Galison, Schmidt Spiele, Pressman Toy Corp., Fame Products, play time, Marlboro, Ariel Productions Ltd, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, John Jaques of London, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Deuce, (Public Domain), Reiss Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Ravensburger, ABRA, Friendly Games, Inc., Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pavilion, Cathay, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Hasbro, Dino Toys s. r. o., Waddingtons, M Petrushkin, Bello Games New York, Inc., Merit, Glevum Games, 3M, (Self-Published), Blatz, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Skor-Mor, Poolmaster, Dos Reis, Galleryplay, The Purple Cow, Ludens Planet, Juegos Ya S.L., House Martin, Gamut of Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Matsui Gaming Machine, Cayro, The Games, Unicorn Products, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Magnetic Poetry Inc, Crisloid, Klee, Spear's Games, House of Marbles, Fundex, CHH Games, Philos, Whitman, Alga, MB Spiele, Palet spil, National Novelty Corp., Gigliodoro, Pelikan, Creative Crafthouse, HABA, Game Factory, Pendleton, Silk Cut, The Toy Network, (Unknown), Tactic, The Op Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Peri Spiele, Berliner Spielkarten, John Sands Pty Ltd, Noris Spiele, Maxco, American Express, Sladecolour Board Games, F.X. Schmid, Estrela, Editions ATLAS, Gibsons, Dilemma Games, Origem, Diset S. A., Cardinal, Schmidt France, Bisonte, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Westside Fun Games, Dal Negro, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, HEMA, K.E.Leg, Gammon Games, Milton Bradley, Carlit, Vennerød Forlag AS, Top Mark, Joker, Western Publishing Company, Hector Saxe, Square Root Games, Wild & Wolf, Wood Expressions, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, IRWIN Games, Marigó, Søstrene Grene, Invicta Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Daells Varehus
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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