Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Halsall, HABA, Saitek, John Sands Pty Ltd, Cayro, The Games, StirlingFox, Editrice Giochi, Carlit, M Petrushkin, House of Marbles, Berliner Spielkarten, American Express, Vennerød Forlag AS, ABRA, Glevum Games, Kingstone International, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Marigó, Basic Fun, Inc., ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Wood Expressions, Maxco, Arrow Games Ltd, Origem, Majora, (Public Domain), RoseArt, Planet Finska, Ravensburger, Pressman Toy Corp., Cardinal, Gamut of Games, Square Root Games, Schou, Fundex, Sladecolour Board Games, Skor-Mor, Jumbo, Super Accord, Otto Maier Verlag, (Self-Published), Matsui Gaming Machine, Sterling Games, Spear's Games, CHH Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Søstrene Grene, K.E.Leg, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Inovac Rima SA, Pleasantime Games, Dos Reis, Merit, Fame Products, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Zontik Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Friendly Games, Inc., Classic Toys, Milton Bradley, Chadwick Miller Inc., Marlboro, Unicorn Products, Magnetic Poetry Inc, The Op Games, Crisloid, Noris Spiele, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Western Publishing Company, S & E, Harlekin, Pin International, Brio AB, El Greco, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, OPEN'N PLAY, Piatnik, Peri Spiele, Joker, Daells Varehus, Hector Saxe, MB Spellen, Dino Toys s. r. o., House Martin, Top Mark, Gold Medal, Gammon Games, Neroulia, Golden, Galison, Schmidt France, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Dilemma Games, Ramsons, Tactic, Palet spil, Poolmaster, Creative Crafthouse, Wild & Wolf, Philos, Diset S. A., Editions ATLAS, Pelikan, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Schmidt Spiele, HEMA, Croner, Estrela, Westside Fun Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Cathay, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Schmidt International, Pendleton, MB Spiele, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Dal Negro, Mitra, Reiss Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Alga, Ludens Planet, Ghisò, Pintoy, Juegos Ya S.L., Oriental Trading Company, 3M, Pavilion, Węgiel, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, play time, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Silk Cut, Masters Games, The Toy Network, Invicta Games, L. P. Septímio, Gigliodoro, Bisonte, Selchow & Righter, (Unknown), Galleryplay, Hasbro, Blatz, Lagoon Games, Waddingtons, LuduScience, Deuce, The Purple Cow, F.X. Schmid, Gibsons, John Jaques of London, nestorgames, Heyne, Whitman, Klee, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., National Novelty Corp., Game Factory, Ariel Productions Ltd, WHSmith, IRWIN Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Halsall, HABA, Saitek, John Sands Pty Ltd, Cayro, The Games, StirlingFox, Editrice Giochi, Carlit, M Petrushkin, House of Marbles, Berliner Spielkarten, American Express, Vennerød Forlag AS, ABRA, Glevum Games, Kingstone International, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Marigó, Basic Fun, Inc., ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Wood Expressions, Maxco, Arrow Games Ltd, Origem, Majora, (Public Domain), RoseArt, Planet Finska, Ravensburger, Pressman Toy Corp., Cardinal, Gamut of Games, Square Root Games, Schou, Fundex, Sladecolour Board Games, Skor-Mor, Jumbo, Super Accord, Otto Maier Verlag, (Self-Published), Matsui Gaming Machine, Sterling Games, Spear's Games, CHH Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Søstrene Grene, K.E.Leg, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Inovac Rima SA, Pleasantime Games, Dos Reis, Merit, Fame Products, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Zontik Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Friendly Games, Inc., Classic Toys, Milton Bradley, Chadwick Miller Inc., Marlboro, Unicorn Products, Magnetic Poetry Inc, The Op Games, Crisloid, Noris Spiele, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Western Publishing Company, S & E, Harlekin, Pin International, Brio AB, El Greco, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, OPEN'N PLAY, Piatnik, Peri Spiele, Joker, Daells Varehus, Hector Saxe, MB Spellen, Dino Toys s. r. o., House Martin, Top Mark, Gold Medal, Gammon Games, Neroulia, Golden, Galison, Schmidt France, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Dilemma Games, Ramsons, Tactic, Palet spil, Poolmaster, Creative Crafthouse, Wild & Wolf, Philos, Diset S. A., Editions ATLAS, Pelikan, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Schmidt Spiele, HEMA, Croner, Estrela, Westside Fun Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Cathay, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Schmidt International, Pendleton, MB Spiele, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Dal Negro, Mitra, Reiss Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Alga, Ludens Planet, Ghisò, Pintoy, Juegos Ya S.L., Oriental Trading Company, 3M, Pavilion, Węgiel, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, play time, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Silk Cut, Masters Games, The Toy Network, Invicta Games, L. P. Septímio, Gigliodoro, Bisonte, Selchow & Righter, (Unknown), Galleryplay, Hasbro, Blatz, Lagoon Games, Waddingtons, LuduScience, Deuce, The Purple Cow, F.X. Schmid, Gibsons, John Jaques of London, nestorgames, Heyne, Whitman, Klee, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., National Novelty Corp., Game Factory, Ariel Productions Ltd, WHSmith, IRWIN Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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