Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Wood Expressions, The Op Games, Heyne, Lagoon Games, Alga, Western Publishing Company, (Unknown), MB Spellen, Hasbro, Ramsons, Chadwick Miller Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Brio AB, Neroulia, S & E, Zontik Games, Gigliodoro, Wild & Wolf, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Merit, Harlekin, OPEN'N PLAY, Daells Varehus, K.E.Leg, Matsui Gaming Machine, Game Factory, Classic Toys, Crisloid, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Whitman, Pavilion, Golden, Maxco, Arrow Games Ltd, Hector Saxe, National Novelty Corp., Origem, Klee, House Martin, (Public Domain), Masters Games, Super Accord, Carlit, Dos Reis, Spear's Games, Cathay, Vennerød Forlag AS, Oriental Trading Company, (Self-Published), Pintoy, John Jaques of London, Ludens Planet, HABA, Joker, Sterling Games, F.X. Schmid, Fundex, Dal Negro, Unicorn Products, Schmidt Spiele, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Waddingtons, CHH Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Planet Finska, Peri Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Søstrene Grene, StirlingFox, Noris Spiele, Berliner Spielkarten, Pleasantime Games, Gibsons, Schmidt International, Ravensburger, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., LuduScience, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., IRWIN Games, El Greco, Kingstone International, Cayro, The Games, Pelikan, Square Root Games, Top Mark, Jumbo, Croner, Palet spil, Westside Fun Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Editrice Giochi, Reiss Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Saitek, Juegos Ya S.L., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Halsall, Creative Crafthouse, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), HEMA, play time, 3M, Dino Toys s. r. o., Piatnik, Editions ATLAS, Fame Products, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John Sands Pty Ltd, Cardinal, Schou, Gammon Games, Pin International, Blatz, Silk Cut, Tactic, Pressman Toy Corp., ABRA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Galison, American Express, Basic Fun, Inc., Philos, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Marlboro, Marigó, Selchow & Righter, The Purple Cow, Węgiel, Gold Medal, Glevum Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Dilemma Games, Skor-Mor, L. P. Septímio, Bello Games New York, Inc., Chad Valley Co Ltd., Schmidt France, MB Spiele, Estrela, RoseArt, Diset S. A., WHSmith, Milton Bradley, M Petrushkin, Smethport Specialty Co., Bisonte, Invicta Games, House of Marbles, Ghisò, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Majora, Deuce, Galleryplay, Poolmaster, Inovac Rima SA, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Pendleton, Gamut of Games, The Toy Network, nestorgames, Mitra
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Static Capture
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Wood Expressions, The Op Games, Heyne, Lagoon Games, Alga, Western Publishing Company, (Unknown), MB Spellen, Hasbro, Ramsons, Chadwick Miller Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Brio AB, Neroulia, S & E, Zontik Games, Gigliodoro, Wild & Wolf, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Merit, Harlekin, OPEN'N PLAY, Daells Varehus, K.E.Leg, Matsui Gaming Machine, Game Factory, Classic Toys, Crisloid, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Whitman, Pavilion, Golden, Maxco, Arrow Games Ltd, Hector Saxe, National Novelty Corp., Origem, Klee, House Martin, (Public Domain), Masters Games, Super Accord, Carlit, Dos Reis, Spear's Games, Cathay, Vennerød Forlag AS, Oriental Trading Company, (Self-Published), Pintoy, John Jaques of London, Ludens Planet, HABA, Joker, Sterling Games, F.X. Schmid, Fundex, Dal Negro, Unicorn Products, Schmidt Spiele, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Waddingtons, CHH Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Planet Finska, Peri Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Søstrene Grene, StirlingFox, Noris Spiele, Berliner Spielkarten, Pleasantime Games, Gibsons, Schmidt International, Ravensburger, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., LuduScience, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., IRWIN Games, El Greco, Kingstone International, Cayro, The Games, Pelikan, Square Root Games, Top Mark, Jumbo, Croner, Palet spil, Westside Fun Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Editrice Giochi, Reiss Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Saitek, Juegos Ya S.L., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Halsall, Creative Crafthouse, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), HEMA, play time, 3M, Dino Toys s. r. o., Piatnik, Editions ATLAS, Fame Products, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John Sands Pty Ltd, Cardinal, Schou, Gammon Games, Pin International, Blatz, Silk Cut, Tactic, Pressman Toy Corp., ABRA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Galison, American Express, Basic Fun, Inc., Philos, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Marlboro, Marigó, Selchow & Righter, The Purple Cow, Węgiel, Gold Medal, Glevum Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Dilemma Games, Skor-Mor, L. P. Septímio, Bello Games New York, Inc., Chad Valley Co Ltd., Schmidt France, MB Spiele, Estrela, RoseArt, Diset S. A., WHSmith, Milton Bradley, M Petrushkin, Smethport Specialty Co., Bisonte, Invicta Games, House of Marbles, Ghisò, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Majora, Deuce, Galleryplay, Poolmaster, Inovac Rima SA, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Pendleton, Gamut of Games, The Toy Network, nestorgames, Mitra
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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