Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Gamut of Games, Brio AB, Blatz, Reiss Games, Gammon Games, Piatnik, L. P. Septímio, Harlekin, Fundex, play time, MB Spellen, Merit, Pendleton, House Martin, Saitek, Cardinal, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Alga, Silk Cut, MB Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, Masters Games, Galison, Maxco, John Sands Pty Ltd, Noris Spiele, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Majora, Ravensburger, CHH Games, HEMA, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, John Jaques of London, Square Root Games, (Self-Published), Classic Toys, Dal Negro, Sterling Games, StirlingFox, Juegos Ya S.L., Pintoy, Pavilion, Editions ATLAS, Inovac Rima SA, Poolmaster, Schou, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Joker, Croner, Schmidt France, Carlit, Zontik Games, Crisloid, Tactic, Vennerød Forlag AS, Creative Crafthouse, Galleryplay, Pleasantime Games, Arrow Games Ltd, RoseArt, Neroulia, Origem, Dos Reis, Mitra, Westside Fun Games, Halsall, ABRA, Philos, (Public Domain), Basic Fun, Inc., Whitman, K.E.Leg, 3M, Peri Spiele, Bello Games New York, Inc., Deuce, Palet spil, Pelikan, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Jumbo, Matsui Gaming Machine, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Dilemma Games, Ghisò, Marigó, Hasbro, Cathay, Top Mark, Skor-Mor, Marlboro, Fame Products, Milton Bradley, Daells Varehus, Sladecolour Board Games, American Express, Schmidt Spiele, Kingstone International, Hector Saxe, Cayro, The Games, Schmidt International, WHSmith, P:OS Handels GmbH, Ramsons, Pin International, Smethport Specialty Co., Unicorn Products, Chadwick Miller Inc., nestorgames, Gold Medal, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, House of Marbles, Pressman Toy Corp., Wood Expressions, Invicta Games, Game Factory, Dino Toys s. r. o., Friendly Games, Inc., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Ludens Planet, Wild & Wolf, Super Accord, Klee, Gigliodoro, Gibsons, IRWIN Games, Estrela, Editrice Giochi, Golden, Oriental Trading Company, National Novelty Corp., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Lagoon Games, Søstrene Grene, S & E, Glevum Games, Węgiel, The Toy Network, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Berliner Spielkarten, The Op Games, F.X. Schmid, El Greco, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Western Publishing Company, M Petrushkin, HABA, Heyne, (Unknown), Waddingtons, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Ariel Productions Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Otto Maier Verlag, Diset S. A., Bisonte, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Spear's Games, LuduScience, Selchow & Righter, The Purple Cow, Planet Finska
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Dice Rolling
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Gamut of Games, Brio AB, Blatz, Reiss Games, Gammon Games, Piatnik, L. P. Septímio, Harlekin, Fundex, play time, MB Spellen, Merit, Pendleton, House Martin, Saitek, Cardinal, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Alga, Silk Cut, MB Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, Masters Games, Galison, Maxco, John Sands Pty Ltd, Noris Spiele, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Majora, Ravensburger, CHH Games, HEMA, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, John Jaques of London, Square Root Games, (Self-Published), Classic Toys, Dal Negro, Sterling Games, StirlingFox, Juegos Ya S.L., Pintoy, Pavilion, Editions ATLAS, Inovac Rima SA, Poolmaster, Schou, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Joker, Croner, Schmidt France, Carlit, Zontik Games, Crisloid, Tactic, Vennerød Forlag AS, Creative Crafthouse, Galleryplay, Pleasantime Games, Arrow Games Ltd, RoseArt, Neroulia, Origem, Dos Reis, Mitra, Westside Fun Games, Halsall, ABRA, Philos, (Public Domain), Basic Fun, Inc., Whitman, K.E.Leg, 3M, Peri Spiele, Bello Games New York, Inc., Deuce, Palet spil, Pelikan, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Jumbo, Matsui Gaming Machine, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Dilemma Games, Ghisò, Marigó, Hasbro, Cathay, Top Mark, Skor-Mor, Marlboro, Fame Products, Milton Bradley, Daells Varehus, Sladecolour Board Games, American Express, Schmidt Spiele, Kingstone International, Hector Saxe, Cayro, The Games, Schmidt International, WHSmith, P:OS Handels GmbH, Ramsons, Pin International, Smethport Specialty Co., Unicorn Products, Chadwick Miller Inc., nestorgames, Gold Medal, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, House of Marbles, Pressman Toy Corp., Wood Expressions, Invicta Games, Game Factory, Dino Toys s. r. o., Friendly Games, Inc., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Ludens Planet, Wild & Wolf, Super Accord, Klee, Gigliodoro, Gibsons, IRWIN Games, Estrela, Editrice Giochi, Golden, Oriental Trading Company, National Novelty Corp., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Lagoon Games, Søstrene Grene, S & E, Glevum Games, Węgiel, The Toy Network, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Berliner Spielkarten, The Op Games, F.X. Schmid, El Greco, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Western Publishing Company, M Petrushkin, HABA, Heyne, (Unknown), Waddingtons, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Ariel Productions Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Otto Maier Verlag, Diset S. A., Bisonte, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Spear's Games, LuduScience, Selchow & Righter, The Purple Cow, Planet Finska
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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