Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Noris Spiele, Mitra, Dos Reis, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Piatnik, P:OS Handels GmbH, Fundex, Game Factory, Philos, Cardinal, Skor-Mor, Magnetic Poetry Inc, K.E.Leg, Węgiel, Marigó, Berliner Spielkarten, Diset S. A., Creative Crafthouse, Alga, WHSmith, Hasbro, American Express, S & E, Planet Finska, Reiss Games, House of Marbles, MB Spiele, Square Root Games, Majora, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Arrow Games Ltd, Blatz, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Pressman Toy Corp., Cathay, Ludens Planet, Maxco, StirlingFox, House Martin, Croner, Saitek, Glevum Games, The Purple Cow, Schmidt France, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Top Mark, The Op Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., Lagoon Games, Deuce, Pavilion, Origem, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Super Accord, Whitman, Peri Spiele, Bello Games New York, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, Gigliodoro, Sterling Games, Pendleton, Classic Toys, Masters Games, IRWIN Games, HABA, Pin International, Halsall, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Daells Varehus, Vennerød Forlag AS, Milton Bradley, Wood Expressions, John Jaques of London, Hector Saxe, Chadwick Miller Inc., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Sladecolour Board Games, Westside Fun Games, Wild & Wolf, Zontik Games, Oriental Trading Company, (Public Domain), Matsui Gaming Machine, (Self-Published), Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Schou, Pleasantime Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Heyne, Smethport Specialty Co., MB Spellen, Ravensburger, Bisonte, Schmidt International, Merit, HEMA, CHH Games, Gibsons, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Golden, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, LuduScience, Dilemma Games, Waddingtons, John Sands Pty Ltd, Jumbo, Poolmaster, Ariel Productions Ltd, Otto Maier Verlag, Brio AB, M Petrushkin, Juegos Ya S.L., Galleryplay, Pintoy, Kingstone International, Ghisò, ABRA, Dal Negro, Ramsons, Western Publishing Company, Galison, Friendly Games, Inc., Cayro, The Games, Neroulia, Estrela, Marlboro, The Toy Network, Gammon Games, Carlit, Klee, Invicta Games, National Novelty Corp., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Fame Products, nestorgames, Editions ATLAS, Harlekin, Tactic, F.X. Schmid, Pelikan, Silk Cut, 3M, (Unknown), Gold Medal, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Spear's Games, Crisloid, RoseArt, Gamut of Games, Inovac Rima SA, Basic Fun, Inc., L. P. Septímio, El Greco, Palet spil, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Selchow & Righter, play time, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Joker, Søstrene Grene, Unicorn Products, Editrice Giochi
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Noris Spiele, Mitra, Dos Reis, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Piatnik, P:OS Handels GmbH, Fundex, Game Factory, Philos, Cardinal, Skor-Mor, Magnetic Poetry Inc, K.E.Leg, Węgiel, Marigó, Berliner Spielkarten, Diset S. A., Creative Crafthouse, Alga, WHSmith, Hasbro, American Express, S & E, Planet Finska, Reiss Games, House of Marbles, MB Spiele, Square Root Games, Majora, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Arrow Games Ltd, Blatz, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Pressman Toy Corp., Cathay, Ludens Planet, Maxco, StirlingFox, House Martin, Croner, Saitek, Glevum Games, The Purple Cow, Schmidt France, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Top Mark, The Op Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., Lagoon Games, Deuce, Pavilion, Origem, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Super Accord, Whitman, Peri Spiele, Bello Games New York, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, Gigliodoro, Sterling Games, Pendleton, Classic Toys, Masters Games, IRWIN Games, HABA, Pin International, Halsall, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Daells Varehus, Vennerød Forlag AS, Milton Bradley, Wood Expressions, John Jaques of London, Hector Saxe, Chadwick Miller Inc., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Sladecolour Board Games, Westside Fun Games, Wild & Wolf, Zontik Games, Oriental Trading Company, (Public Domain), Matsui Gaming Machine, (Self-Published), Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Schou, Pleasantime Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Heyne, Smethport Specialty Co., MB Spellen, Ravensburger, Bisonte, Schmidt International, Merit, HEMA, CHH Games, Gibsons, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Golden, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, LuduScience, Dilemma Games, Waddingtons, John Sands Pty Ltd, Jumbo, Poolmaster, Ariel Productions Ltd, Otto Maier Verlag, Brio AB, M Petrushkin, Juegos Ya S.L., Galleryplay, Pintoy, Kingstone International, Ghisò, ABRA, Dal Negro, Ramsons, Western Publishing Company, Galison, Friendly Games, Inc., Cayro, The Games, Neroulia, Estrela, Marlboro, The Toy Network, Gammon Games, Carlit, Klee, Invicta Games, National Novelty Corp., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Fame Products, nestorgames, Editions ATLAS, Harlekin, Tactic, F.X. Schmid, Pelikan, Silk Cut, 3M, (Unknown), Gold Medal, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Spear's Games, Crisloid, RoseArt, Gamut of Games, Inovac Rima SA, Basic Fun, Inc., L. P. Septímio, El Greco, Palet spil, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Selchow & Righter, play time, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Joker, Søstrene Grene, Unicorn Products, Editrice Giochi
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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