Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Editions ATLAS, Creative Crafthouse, The Op Games, (Unknown), Cayro, The Games, Schou, (Public Domain), Klee, Dal Negro, Wood Expressions, Juegos Ya S.L., Bisonte, Reiss Games, Hector Saxe, StirlingFox, ABRA, Jumbo, Schmidt Spiele, Hasbro, Dos Reis, John Jaques of London, IRWIN Games, Western Publishing Company, Gibsons, Heyne, Berliner Spielkarten, Ghisò, Galison, Peri Spiele, Schmidt International, HEMA, Marlboro, Top Mark, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Søstrene Grene, Bello Games New York, Inc., Otto Maier Verlag, Classic Toys, Harlekin, John Sands Pty Ltd, Philos, Pelikan, Zontik Games, Węgiel, 3M, Fame Products, Westside Fun Games, Noris Spiele, LuduScience, Wild & Wolf, Vennerød Forlag AS, Merit, The Purple Cow, Halsall, HABA, Majora, Maxco, Origem, Croner, Invicta Games, WHSmith, Glevum Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Gold Medal, Pendleton, Waddingtons, Marigó, Pavilion, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Selchow & Righter, Carlit, Whitman, Planet Finska, RoseArt, Basic Fun, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Neroulia, Super Accord, K.E.Leg, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Cardinal, National Novelty Corp., American Express, Matsui Gaming Machine, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., MB Spellen, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Diset S. A., Ravensburger, Inovac Rima SA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, M Petrushkin, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Golden, Spear's Games, F.X. Schmid, Pressman Toy Corp., Silk Cut, Arrow Games Ltd, Milton Bradley, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gigliodoro, Smethport Specialty Co., Friendly Games, Inc., House of Marbles, The Toy Network, Oriental Trading Company, Gammon Games, Daells Varehus, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Cathay, Ramsons, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Alga, play time, Square Root Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Sterling Games, Tactic, Poolmaster, Schmidt France, Pleasantime Games, Deuce, Mitra, Brio AB, Blatz, L. P. Septímio, El Greco, P:OS Handels GmbH, MB Spiele, Galleryplay, Gamut of Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Fundex, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, CHH Games, Palet spil, House Martin, Editrice Giochi, Pin International, Crisloid, Sladecolour Board Games, Dilemma Games, Piatnik, S & E, (Self-Published), Joker, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Game Factory, Kingstone International, Ludens Planet, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Saitek, Pintoy, Lagoon Games, Masters Games, Skor-Mor, nestorgames, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Estrela, Dino Toys s. r. o., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Unicorn Products
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Editions ATLAS, Creative Crafthouse, The Op Games, (Unknown), Cayro, The Games, Schou, (Public Domain), Klee, Dal Negro, Wood Expressions, Juegos Ya S.L., Bisonte, Reiss Games, Hector Saxe, StirlingFox, ABRA, Jumbo, Schmidt Spiele, Hasbro, Dos Reis, John Jaques of London, IRWIN Games, Western Publishing Company, Gibsons, Heyne, Berliner Spielkarten, Ghisò, Galison, Peri Spiele, Schmidt International, HEMA, Marlboro, Top Mark, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Søstrene Grene, Bello Games New York, Inc., Otto Maier Verlag, Classic Toys, Harlekin, John Sands Pty Ltd, Philos, Pelikan, Zontik Games, Węgiel, 3M, Fame Products, Westside Fun Games, Noris Spiele, LuduScience, Wild & Wolf, Vennerød Forlag AS, Merit, The Purple Cow, Halsall, HABA, Majora, Maxco, Origem, Croner, Invicta Games, WHSmith, Glevum Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Gold Medal, Pendleton, Waddingtons, Marigó, Pavilion, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Selchow & Righter, Carlit, Whitman, Planet Finska, RoseArt, Basic Fun, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Neroulia, Super Accord, K.E.Leg, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Cardinal, National Novelty Corp., American Express, Matsui Gaming Machine, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., MB Spellen, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Diset S. A., Ravensburger, Inovac Rima SA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, M Petrushkin, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Golden, Spear's Games, F.X. Schmid, Pressman Toy Corp., Silk Cut, Arrow Games Ltd, Milton Bradley, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gigliodoro, Smethport Specialty Co., Friendly Games, Inc., House of Marbles, The Toy Network, Oriental Trading Company, Gammon Games, Daells Varehus, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Cathay, Ramsons, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Alga, play time, Square Root Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Sterling Games, Tactic, Poolmaster, Schmidt France, Pleasantime Games, Deuce, Mitra, Brio AB, Blatz, L. P. Septímio, El Greco, P:OS Handels GmbH, MB Spiele, Galleryplay, Gamut of Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Fundex, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, CHH Games, Palet spil, House Martin, Editrice Giochi, Pin International, Crisloid, Sladecolour Board Games, Dilemma Games, Piatnik, S & E, (Self-Published), Joker, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Game Factory, Kingstone International, Ludens Planet, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Saitek, Pintoy, Lagoon Games, Masters Games, Skor-Mor, nestorgames, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Estrela, Dino Toys s. r. o., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Unicorn Products
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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