Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: L. P. Septímio, Marlboro, Hector Saxe, Jumbo, Noris Spiele, Berliner Spielkarten, StirlingFox, Brio AB, Poolmaster, RoseArt, Piatnik, Alga, Bisonte, Gamut of Games, Pavilion, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, (Unknown), Chadwick Miller Inc., Pintoy, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Inovac Rima SA, 3M, Wild & Wolf, Merit, CHH Games, El Greco, Philos, American Express, LuduScience, Vennerød Forlag AS, National Novelty Corp., Whitman, Bello Games New York, Inc., Cayro, The Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Cardinal, Western Publishing Company, OPEN'N PLAY, Fame Products, Joker, Zontik Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Fundex, play time, MB Spiele, Juegos Ya S.L., Square Root Games, Sladecolour Board Games, M Petrushkin, Basic Fun, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Silk Cut, K.E.Leg, The Op Games, Estrela, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Schou, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Peri Spiele, Game Factory, Harlekin, Gammon Games, (Self-Published), The Purple Cow, Pelikan, Golden, Oriental Trading Company, Skor-Mor, Kingstone International, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dilemma Games, Schmidt Spiele, Halsall, Lagoon Games, Cathay, House of Marbles, Pressman Toy Corp., Marigó, The Toy Network, Crisloid, Classic Toys, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Palet spil, Editions ATLAS, Arrow Games Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Wood Expressions, Masters Games, Ramsons, Søstrene Grene, Top Mark, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Schmidt France, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Pendleton, Spear's Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Węgiel, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Neroulia, Gigliodoro, Schmidt International, Hasbro, Ravensburger, Daells Varehus, Ludens Planet, Unicorn Products, Glevum Games, nestorgames, Mitra, Selchow & Righter, (Public Domain), Reiss Games, Gold Medal, WHSmith, Maxco, Galison, Pleasantime Games, Friendly Games, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Westside Fun Games, Saitek, John Jaques of London, Pin International, Carlit, Otto Maier Verlag, HABA, Gibsons, Dos Reis, Majora, Invicta Games, Diset S. A., Super Accord, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Planet Finska, Origem, Milton Bradley, ABRA, Croner, S & E, Waddingtons, Waddington Sanders Ltd., ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Galleryplay, HEMA, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., House Martin, Deuce, Sterling Games, Ghisò, Matsui Gaming Machine, Blatz, MB Spellen, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Klee, Heyne, IRWIN Games, Tactic, Dal Negro, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc.
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: L. P. Septímio, Marlboro, Hector Saxe, Jumbo, Noris Spiele, Berliner Spielkarten, StirlingFox, Brio AB, Poolmaster, RoseArt, Piatnik, Alga, Bisonte, Gamut of Games, Pavilion, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, (Unknown), Chadwick Miller Inc., Pintoy, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Inovac Rima SA, 3M, Wild & Wolf, Merit, CHH Games, El Greco, Philos, American Express, LuduScience, Vennerød Forlag AS, National Novelty Corp., Whitman, Bello Games New York, Inc., Cayro, The Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Cardinal, Western Publishing Company, OPEN'N PLAY, Fame Products, Joker, Zontik Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Fundex, play time, MB Spiele, Juegos Ya S.L., Square Root Games, Sladecolour Board Games, M Petrushkin, Basic Fun, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Silk Cut, K.E.Leg, The Op Games, Estrela, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Schou, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Peri Spiele, Game Factory, Harlekin, Gammon Games, (Self-Published), The Purple Cow, Pelikan, Golden, Oriental Trading Company, Skor-Mor, Kingstone International, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dilemma Games, Schmidt Spiele, Halsall, Lagoon Games, Cathay, House of Marbles, Pressman Toy Corp., Marigó, The Toy Network, Crisloid, Classic Toys, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Palet spil, Editions ATLAS, Arrow Games Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Wood Expressions, Masters Games, Ramsons, Søstrene Grene, Top Mark, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Schmidt France, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Pendleton, Spear's Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Węgiel, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Neroulia, Gigliodoro, Schmidt International, Hasbro, Ravensburger, Daells Varehus, Ludens Planet, Unicorn Products, Glevum Games, nestorgames, Mitra, Selchow & Righter, (Public Domain), Reiss Games, Gold Medal, WHSmith, Maxco, Galison, Pleasantime Games, Friendly Games, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Westside Fun Games, Saitek, John Jaques of London, Pin International, Carlit, Otto Maier Verlag, HABA, Gibsons, Dos Reis, Majora, Invicta Games, Diset S. A., Super Accord, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Planet Finska, Origem, Milton Bradley, ABRA, Croner, S & E, Waddingtons, Waddington Sanders Ltd., ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Galleryplay, HEMA, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., House Martin, Deuce, Sterling Games, Ghisò, Matsui Gaming Machine, Blatz, MB Spellen, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Klee, Heyne, IRWIN Games, Tactic, Dal Negro, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc.
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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