Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Schmidt Spiele, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Saitek, Hector Saxe, Matsui Gaming Machine, Unicorn Products, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Chad Valley Co Ltd., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, HABA, Planet Finska, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pendleton, Pintoy, Vennerød Forlag AS, Schmidt International, Reiss Games, Sterling Games, Game Factory, Bello Games New York, Inc., Marigó, Cayro, The Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Brio AB, Classic Toys, Estrela, Ravensburger, House Martin, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Wild & Wolf, Invicta Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Skor-Mor, Pin International, Węgiel, Heyne, Juegos Ya S.L., Peri Spiele, M Petrushkin, Dos Reis, Gammon Games, MB Spellen, Editions ATLAS, Gold Medal, Galleryplay, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Super Accord, Friendly Games, Inc., Pelikan, Basic Fun, Inc., Silk Cut, L. P. Septímio, LuduScience, Hasbro, Pavilion, Croner, CHH Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Ramsons, El Greco, Western Publishing Company, Gibsons, IRWIN Games, WHSmith, Neroulia, Dal Negro, Ariel Productions Ltd, American Express, Cathay, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Philos, Pleasantime Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Palet spil, Gigliodoro, Majora, Whitman, Dino Toys s. r. o., K.E.Leg, (Public Domain), Masters Games, play time, Ghisò, Arrow Games Ltd, Poolmaster, Pressman Toy Corp., S & E, (Self-Published), House of Marbles, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Milton Bradley, F.X. Schmid, Schmidt France, Noris Spiele, National Novelty Corp., Daells Varehus, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), (Unknown), Westside Fun Games, The Purple Cow, Maxco, ABRA, HEMA, Alga, Marlboro, Origem, StirlingFox, Golden, Halsall, Dilemma Games, Wood Expressions, RoseArt, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Lagoon Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Klee, Cardinal, Zontik Games, Crisloid, nestorgames, John Sands Pty Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Oriental Trading Company, Berliner Spielkarten, Gamut of Games, Blatz, Galison, Fundex, 3M, Mitra, Joker, Inovac Rima SA, Top Mark, Piatnik, Selchow & Righter, Schou, Spear's Games, Bisonte, Merit, Ludens Planet, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, MB Spiele, Søstrene Grene, Square Root Games, Jumbo, The Op Games, Diset S. A., Creative Crafthouse, Waddingtons, The Toy Network, OPEN'N PLAY, Glevum Games, Deuce, Editrice Giochi, Fame Products, Tactic, John Jaques of London, Kingstone International, Chadwick Miller Inc., Carlit, Harlekin
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Schmidt Spiele, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Saitek, Hector Saxe, Matsui Gaming Machine, Unicorn Products, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Chad Valley Co Ltd., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, HABA, Planet Finska, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pendleton, Pintoy, Vennerød Forlag AS, Schmidt International, Reiss Games, Sterling Games, Game Factory, Bello Games New York, Inc., Marigó, Cayro, The Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Brio AB, Classic Toys, Estrela, Ravensburger, House Martin, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Wild & Wolf, Invicta Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Skor-Mor, Pin International, Węgiel, Heyne, Juegos Ya S.L., Peri Spiele, M Petrushkin, Dos Reis, Gammon Games, MB Spellen, Editions ATLAS, Gold Medal, Galleryplay, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Super Accord, Friendly Games, Inc., Pelikan, Basic Fun, Inc., Silk Cut, L. P. Septímio, LuduScience, Hasbro, Pavilion, Croner, CHH Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Ramsons, El Greco, Western Publishing Company, Gibsons, IRWIN Games, WHSmith, Neroulia, Dal Negro, Ariel Productions Ltd, American Express, Cathay, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Philos, Pleasantime Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Palet spil, Gigliodoro, Majora, Whitman, Dino Toys s. r. o., K.E.Leg, (Public Domain), Masters Games, play time, Ghisò, Arrow Games Ltd, Poolmaster, Pressman Toy Corp., S & E, (Self-Published), House of Marbles, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Milton Bradley, F.X. Schmid, Schmidt France, Noris Spiele, National Novelty Corp., Daells Varehus, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), (Unknown), Westside Fun Games, The Purple Cow, Maxco, ABRA, HEMA, Alga, Marlboro, Origem, StirlingFox, Golden, Halsall, Dilemma Games, Wood Expressions, RoseArt, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Lagoon Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Klee, Cardinal, Zontik Games, Crisloid, nestorgames, John Sands Pty Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Oriental Trading Company, Berliner Spielkarten, Gamut of Games, Blatz, Galison, Fundex, 3M, Mitra, Joker, Inovac Rima SA, Top Mark, Piatnik, Selchow & Righter, Schou, Spear's Games, Bisonte, Merit, Ludens Planet, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, MB Spiele, Søstrene Grene, Square Root Games, Jumbo, The Op Games, Diset S. A., Creative Crafthouse, Waddingtons, The Toy Network, OPEN'N PLAY, Glevum Games, Deuce, Editrice Giochi, Fame Products, Tactic, John Jaques of London, Kingstone International, Chadwick Miller Inc., Carlit, Harlekin
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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