Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: American Express, Dino Toys s. r. o., LuduScience, The Purple Cow, Pleasantime Games, Editions ATLAS, Galison, (Unknown), House Martin, Editrice Giochi, Schou, Lagoon Games, Philos, Berliner Spielkarten, MB Spiele, Arrow Games Ltd, Pintoy, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Galleryplay, RoseArt, (Self-Published), Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Super Accord, Classic Toys, Alga, Chadwick Miller Inc., Joker, Marigó, Gammon Games, Cayro, The Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, John Sands Pty Ltd, Crisloid, Piatnik, Western Publishing Company, IRWIN Games, Origem, L. P. Septímio, Dilemma Games, Jumbo, Poolmaster, Reiss Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Bello Games New York, Inc., Ramsons, StirlingFox, Schmidt Spiele, Ariel Productions Ltd, Ghisò, K.E.Leg, Estrela, Schmidt France, Sladecolour Board Games, CHH Games, (Public Domain), Wood Expressions, Westside Fun Games, Klee, Glevum Games, Hector Saxe, Heyne, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pin International, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Pelikan, Halsall, Hasbro, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pavilion, Dos Reis, Maxco, Spear's Games, Cardinal, Smethport Specialty Co., Ludens Planet, Whitman, Inovac Rima SA, Selchow & Righter, MB Spellen, Blatz, play time, Peri Spiele, M Petrushkin, Sterling Games, Harlekin, P:OS Handels GmbH, Gamut of Games, The Op Games, ABRA, Magnetic Poetry Inc, HABA, Saitek, Basic Fun, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Majora, Otto Maier Verlag, Neroulia, House of Marbles, Søstrene Grene, Noris Spiele, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., HEMA, Carlit, Planet Finska, Silk Cut, Juegos Ya S.L., Fame Products, Creative Crafthouse, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Fundex, Top Mark, Milton Bradley, Friendly Games, Inc., Gibsons, Tactic, John Jaques of London, Schmidt International, Gold Medal, 3M, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Waddingtons, Deuce, F.X. Schmid, Unicorn Products, Oriental Trading Company, Vennerød Forlag AS, Invicta Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Palet spil, Zontik Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, S & E, Square Root Games, Wild & Wolf, Bisonte, El Greco, Ravensburger, Skor-Mor, Marlboro, Croner, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Merit, Game Factory, WHSmith, The Toy Network, National Novelty Corp., Matsui Gaming Machine, Daells Varehus, Kingstone International, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pendleton, Dal Negro, Diset S. A., Gigliodoro, Masters Games, Golden, Węgiel, Mitra, nestorgames, Brio AB, Cathay
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: American Express, Dino Toys s. r. o., LuduScience, The Purple Cow, Pleasantime Games, Editions ATLAS, Galison, (Unknown), House Martin, Editrice Giochi, Schou, Lagoon Games, Philos, Berliner Spielkarten, MB Spiele, Arrow Games Ltd, Pintoy, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Galleryplay, RoseArt, (Self-Published), Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Super Accord, Classic Toys, Alga, Chadwick Miller Inc., Joker, Marigó, Gammon Games, Cayro, The Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, John Sands Pty Ltd, Crisloid, Piatnik, Western Publishing Company, IRWIN Games, Origem, L. P. Septímio, Dilemma Games, Jumbo, Poolmaster, Reiss Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Bello Games New York, Inc., Ramsons, StirlingFox, Schmidt Spiele, Ariel Productions Ltd, Ghisò, K.E.Leg, Estrela, Schmidt France, Sladecolour Board Games, CHH Games, (Public Domain), Wood Expressions, Westside Fun Games, Klee, Glevum Games, Hector Saxe, Heyne, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pin International, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Pelikan, Halsall, Hasbro, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pavilion, Dos Reis, Maxco, Spear's Games, Cardinal, Smethport Specialty Co., Ludens Planet, Whitman, Inovac Rima SA, Selchow & Righter, MB Spellen, Blatz, play time, Peri Spiele, M Petrushkin, Sterling Games, Harlekin, P:OS Handels GmbH, Gamut of Games, The Op Games, ABRA, Magnetic Poetry Inc, HABA, Saitek, Basic Fun, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Majora, Otto Maier Verlag, Neroulia, House of Marbles, Søstrene Grene, Noris Spiele, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., HEMA, Carlit, Planet Finska, Silk Cut, Juegos Ya S.L., Fame Products, Creative Crafthouse, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Fundex, Top Mark, Milton Bradley, Friendly Games, Inc., Gibsons, Tactic, John Jaques of London, Schmidt International, Gold Medal, 3M, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Waddingtons, Deuce, F.X. Schmid, Unicorn Products, Oriental Trading Company, Vennerød Forlag AS, Invicta Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Palet spil, Zontik Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, S & E, Square Root Games, Wild & Wolf, Bisonte, El Greco, Ravensburger, Skor-Mor, Marlboro, Croner, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Merit, Game Factory, WHSmith, The Toy Network, National Novelty Corp., Matsui Gaming Machine, Daells Varehus, Kingstone International, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pendleton, Dal Negro, Diset S. A., Gigliodoro, Masters Games, Golden, Węgiel, Mitra, nestorgames, Brio AB, Cathay
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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