Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: ABRA, Friendly Games, Inc., Dilemma Games, Brio AB, Cathay, House Martin, Poolmaster, Marigó, Creative Crafthouse, Dos Reis, Jumbo, Crisloid, Matsui Gaming Machine, (Unknown), Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Majora, Smethport Specialty Co., Schmidt Spiele, Pendleton, Heyne, Classic Toys, Piatnik, Vennerød Forlag AS, Mitra, Fame Products, Gigliodoro, Super Accord, Estrela, Waddingtons, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Søstrene Grene, L. P. Septímio, LuduScience, Game Factory, Bisonte, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Juegos Ya S.L., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Gammon Games, Saitek, Sterling Games, OPEN'N PLAY, The Purple Cow, Marlboro, Pleasantime Games, Westside Fun Games, F.X. Schmid, Zontik Games, Milton Bradley, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Pelikan, HEMA, Palet spil, Top Mark, Galison, Dino Toys s. r. o., 3M, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Gamut of Games, Deuce, Neroulia, MB Spiele, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Tactic, Schou, El Greco, Planet Finska, Cardinal, Schmidt International, Oriental Trading Company, Klee, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pavilion, Skor-Mor, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, American Express, Selchow & Righter, IRWIN Games, Joker, Kingstone International, Origem, StirlingFox, Editions ATLAS, Alga, Harlekin, Ravensburger, Square Root Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Blatz, WHSmith, Pintoy, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Western Publishing Company, M Petrushkin, Spear's Games, Galleryplay, Basic Fun, Inc., Masters Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Whitman, Hasbro, Sladecolour Board Games, Cayro, The Games, Merit, Diset S. A., S & E, Inovac Rima SA, Daells Varehus, K.E.Leg, Gibsons, Hector Saxe, Otto Maier Verlag, Halsall, Berliner Spielkarten, Ramsons, (Self-Published), Schmidt France, The Op Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Węgiel, John Jaques of London, Invicta Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Glevum Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Ludens Planet, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Gold Medal, Ghisò, Philos, HABA, Maxco, Bello Games New York, Inc., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Lagoon Games, Wood Expressions, (Public Domain), Dal Negro, Pin International, Pressman Toy Corp., Unicorn Products, Croner, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., National Novelty Corp., nestorgames, Noris Spiele, John Sands Pty Ltd, Carlit, Reiss Games, RoseArt, Silk Cut, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, House of Marbles, The Toy Network, Chadwick Miller Inc., Wild & Wolf, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Fundex, play time, Golden, MB Spellen, Peri Spiele, Editrice Giochi, CHH Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Race
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: ABRA, Friendly Games, Inc., Dilemma Games, Brio AB, Cathay, House Martin, Poolmaster, Marigó, Creative Crafthouse, Dos Reis, Jumbo, Crisloid, Matsui Gaming Machine, (Unknown), Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Majora, Smethport Specialty Co., Schmidt Spiele, Pendleton, Heyne, Classic Toys, Piatnik, Vennerød Forlag AS, Mitra, Fame Products, Gigliodoro, Super Accord, Estrela, Waddingtons, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Søstrene Grene, L. P. Septímio, LuduScience, Game Factory, Bisonte, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Juegos Ya S.L., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Gammon Games, Saitek, Sterling Games, OPEN'N PLAY, The Purple Cow, Marlboro, Pleasantime Games, Westside Fun Games, F.X. Schmid, Zontik Games, Milton Bradley, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Pelikan, HEMA, Palet spil, Top Mark, Galison, Dino Toys s. r. o., 3M, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Gamut of Games, Deuce, Neroulia, MB Spiele, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Tactic, Schou, El Greco, Planet Finska, Cardinal, Schmidt International, Oriental Trading Company, Klee, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pavilion, Skor-Mor, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, American Express, Selchow & Righter, IRWIN Games, Joker, Kingstone International, Origem, StirlingFox, Editions ATLAS, Alga, Harlekin, Ravensburger, Square Root Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Blatz, WHSmith, Pintoy, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Western Publishing Company, M Petrushkin, Spear's Games, Galleryplay, Basic Fun, Inc., Masters Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Whitman, Hasbro, Sladecolour Board Games, Cayro, The Games, Merit, Diset S. A., S & E, Inovac Rima SA, Daells Varehus, K.E.Leg, Gibsons, Hector Saxe, Otto Maier Verlag, Halsall, Berliner Spielkarten, Ramsons, (Self-Published), Schmidt France, The Op Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Węgiel, John Jaques of London, Invicta Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Glevum Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Ludens Planet, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Gold Medal, Ghisò, Philos, HABA, Maxco, Bello Games New York, Inc., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Lagoon Games, Wood Expressions, (Public Domain), Dal Negro, Pin International, Pressman Toy Corp., Unicorn Products, Croner, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., National Novelty Corp., nestorgames, Noris Spiele, John Sands Pty Ltd, Carlit, Reiss Games, RoseArt, Silk Cut, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, House of Marbles, The Toy Network, Chadwick Miller Inc., Wild & Wolf, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Fundex, play time, Golden, MB Spellen, Peri Spiele, Editrice Giochi, CHH Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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