Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Waddington Sanders Ltd., Lagoon Games, Ramsons, Hasbro, Harlekin, Ravensburger, Cayro, The Games, Selchow & Righter, Diset S. A., HABA, Pleasantime Games, Glevum Games, Søstrene Grene, Pelikan, American Express, Square Root Games, Sladecolour Board Games, Philos, Western Publishing Company, Hector Saxe, Origem, Fundex, Sterling Games, IRWIN Games, Reiss Games, Estrela, The Toy Network, Cathay, Gibsons, Alga, Matsui Gaming Machine, Dilemma Games, 3M, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Blatz, Zontik Games, Schmidt Spiele, Dino Toys s. r. o., Cardinal, Arrow Games Ltd, The Op Games, Invicta Games, Silk Cut, House Martin, (Public Domain), Neroulia, Marlboro, (Self-Published), Dal Negro, Schmidt France, Mitra, Gold Medal, El Greco, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Majora, Gigliodoro, Unicorn Products, Pressman Toy Corp., K.E.Leg, Crisloid, RoseArt, Gamut of Games, Daells Varehus, Halsall, L. P. Septímio, Basic Fun, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dos Reis, Carlit, M Petrushkin, ABRA, Pintoy, (Unknown), Kingstone International, Editions ATLAS, Wild & Wolf, F.X. Schmid, Brio AB, Oriental Trading Company, Klee, StirlingFox, Galison, Vennerød Forlag AS, Palet spil, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Top Mark, Masters Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Wood Expressions, Ludens Planet, Schou, Heyne, Planet Finska, Westside Fun Games, WHSmith, Węgiel, Pavilion, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Pin International, Smethport Specialty Co., Jumbo, Editrice Giochi, Fame Products, Schmidt International, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Galleryplay, Juegos Ya S.L., National Novelty Corp., Joker, MB Spellen, Bello Games New York, Inc., MB Spiele, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Friendly Games, Inc., S & E, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Classic Toys, Merit, Marigó, play time, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Ghisò, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), John Jaques of London, Tactic, The Purple Cow, Piatnik, Whitman, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Deuce, nestorgames, Super Accord, Inovac Rima SA, Game Factory, Gammon Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pendleton, Poolmaster, LuduScience, Waddingtons, P:OS Handels GmbH, Golden, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Bisonte, Saitek, HEMA, CHH Games, Peri Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, John Sands Pty Ltd, Milton Bradley, Spear's Games, Berliner Spielkarten, Noris Spiele, Skor-Mor, Chadwick Miller Inc., Croner, House of Marbles, Maxco
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Waddington Sanders Ltd., Lagoon Games, Ramsons, Hasbro, Harlekin, Ravensburger, Cayro, The Games, Selchow & Righter, Diset S. A., HABA, Pleasantime Games, Glevum Games, Søstrene Grene, Pelikan, American Express, Square Root Games, Sladecolour Board Games, Philos, Western Publishing Company, Hector Saxe, Origem, Fundex, Sterling Games, IRWIN Games, Reiss Games, Estrela, The Toy Network, Cathay, Gibsons, Alga, Matsui Gaming Machine, Dilemma Games, 3M, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Blatz, Zontik Games, Schmidt Spiele, Dino Toys s. r. o., Cardinal, Arrow Games Ltd, The Op Games, Invicta Games, Silk Cut, House Martin, (Public Domain), Neroulia, Marlboro, (Self-Published), Dal Negro, Schmidt France, Mitra, Gold Medal, El Greco, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Majora, Gigliodoro, Unicorn Products, Pressman Toy Corp., K.E.Leg, Crisloid, RoseArt, Gamut of Games, Daells Varehus, Halsall, L. P. Septímio, Basic Fun, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dos Reis, Carlit, M Petrushkin, ABRA, Pintoy, (Unknown), Kingstone International, Editions ATLAS, Wild & Wolf, F.X. Schmid, Brio AB, Oriental Trading Company, Klee, StirlingFox, Galison, Vennerød Forlag AS, Palet spil, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Top Mark, Masters Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Wood Expressions, Ludens Planet, Schou, Heyne, Planet Finska, Westside Fun Games, WHSmith, Węgiel, Pavilion, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Pin International, Smethport Specialty Co., Jumbo, Editrice Giochi, Fame Products, Schmidt International, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Galleryplay, Juegos Ya S.L., National Novelty Corp., Joker, MB Spellen, Bello Games New York, Inc., MB Spiele, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Friendly Games, Inc., S & E, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Classic Toys, Merit, Marigó, play time, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Ghisò, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), John Jaques of London, Tactic, The Purple Cow, Piatnik, Whitman, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Deuce, nestorgames, Super Accord, Inovac Rima SA, Game Factory, Gammon Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pendleton, Poolmaster, LuduScience, Waddingtons, P:OS Handels GmbH, Golden, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Bisonte, Saitek, HEMA, CHH Games, Peri Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, John Sands Pty Ltd, Milton Bradley, Spear's Games, Berliner Spielkarten, Noris Spiele, Skor-Mor, Chadwick Miller Inc., Croner, House of Marbles, Maxco
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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