Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Schou, Dal Negro, Masters Games, S & E, Gibsons, 3M, Chadwick Miller Inc., Noris Spiele, Wild & Wolf, Inovac Rima SA, Planet Finska, Game Factory, Arrow Games Ltd, play time, Milton Bradley, Pressman Toy Corp., House of Marbles, OPEN'N PLAY, Invicta Games, Neroulia, Maxco, Crisloid, Berliner Spielkarten, Blatz, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, LuduScience, Zontik Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pelikan, Friendly Games, Inc., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., ABRA, John Jaques of London, M Petrushkin, Creative Crafthouse, Marigó, Węgiel, CHH Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dos Reis, Harlekin, Dino Toys s. r. o., Hector Saxe, Deuce, Super Accord, Joker, MB Spellen, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Pavilion, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Smethport Specialty Co., Hasbro, Sladecolour Board Games, Schmidt Spiele, Editions ATLAS, P:OS Handels GmbH, Philos, (Unknown), Unicorn Products, Glevum Games, Oriental Trading Company, Gold Medal, Western Publishing Company, Gigliodoro, Halsall, Daells Varehus, The Toy Network, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Spear's Games, American Express, (Public Domain), Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, National Novelty Corp., Matsui Gaming Machine, El Greco, Majora, Juegos Ya S.L., Ghisò, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pin International, John Sands Pty Ltd, Schmidt France, House Martin, Editrice Giochi, IRWIN Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pintoy, Silk Cut, K.E.Leg, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Classic Toys, Wood Expressions, Selchow & Righter, Cardinal, Fundex, Pleasantime Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Cayro, The Games, Pendleton, HEMA, Croner, nestorgames, Alga, Whitman, Mitra, Reiss Games, Galleryplay, Gamut of Games, Galison, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Otto Maier Verlag, F.X. Schmid, Poolmaster, Golden, The Purple Cow, (Self-Published), Paul Lamond Games Ltd, StirlingFox, Diset S. A., MB Spiele, Jumbo, Marlboro, Bello Games New York, Inc., Carlit, Ramsons, Ravensburger, WHSmith, Skor-Mor, Peri Spiele, Top Mark, Fame Products, Søstrene Grene, Piatnik, Westside Fun Games, Palet spil, Heyne, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Tactic, Waddingtons, Ariel Productions Ltd, L. P. Septímio, Chad Valley Co Ltd., The Op Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Sterling Games, Saitek, Estrela, Gammon Games, Schmidt International, RoseArt, Origem, Lagoon Games, Brio AB, Klee, Cathay, Bisonte, Basic Fun, Inc., HABA, Ludens Planet, Kingstone International, Merit, Square Root Games, Dilemma Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Schou, Dal Negro, Masters Games, S & E, Gibsons, 3M, Chadwick Miller Inc., Noris Spiele, Wild & Wolf, Inovac Rima SA, Planet Finska, Game Factory, Arrow Games Ltd, play time, Milton Bradley, Pressman Toy Corp., House of Marbles, OPEN'N PLAY, Invicta Games, Neroulia, Maxco, Crisloid, Berliner Spielkarten, Blatz, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, LuduScience, Zontik Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pelikan, Friendly Games, Inc., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., ABRA, John Jaques of London, M Petrushkin, Creative Crafthouse, Marigó, Węgiel, CHH Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dos Reis, Harlekin, Dino Toys s. r. o., Hector Saxe, Deuce, Super Accord, Joker, MB Spellen, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Pavilion, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Smethport Specialty Co., Hasbro, Sladecolour Board Games, Schmidt Spiele, Editions ATLAS, P:OS Handels GmbH, Philos, (Unknown), Unicorn Products, Glevum Games, Oriental Trading Company, Gold Medal, Western Publishing Company, Gigliodoro, Halsall, Daells Varehus, The Toy Network, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Spear's Games, American Express, (Public Domain), Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, National Novelty Corp., Matsui Gaming Machine, El Greco, Majora, Juegos Ya S.L., Ghisò, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pin International, John Sands Pty Ltd, Schmidt France, House Martin, Editrice Giochi, IRWIN Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pintoy, Silk Cut, K.E.Leg, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Classic Toys, Wood Expressions, Selchow & Righter, Cardinal, Fundex, Pleasantime Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Cayro, The Games, Pendleton, HEMA, Croner, nestorgames, Alga, Whitman, Mitra, Reiss Games, Galleryplay, Gamut of Games, Galison, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Otto Maier Verlag, F.X. Schmid, Poolmaster, Golden, The Purple Cow, (Self-Published), Paul Lamond Games Ltd, StirlingFox, Diset S. A., MB Spiele, Jumbo, Marlboro, Bello Games New York, Inc., Carlit, Ramsons, Ravensburger, WHSmith, Skor-Mor, Peri Spiele, Top Mark, Fame Products, Søstrene Grene, Piatnik, Westside Fun Games, Palet spil, Heyne, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Tactic, Waddingtons, Ariel Productions Ltd, L. P. Septímio, Chad Valley Co Ltd., The Op Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Sterling Games, Saitek, Estrela, Gammon Games, Schmidt International, RoseArt, Origem, Lagoon Games, Brio AB, Klee, Cathay, Bisonte, Basic Fun, Inc., HABA, Ludens Planet, Kingstone International, Merit, Square Root Games, Dilemma Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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