Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Whitman, Blatz, (Unknown), Unicorn Products, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Galleryplay, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, P:OS Handels GmbH, Halsall, Tactic, Mitra, L. P. Septímio, K.E.Leg, Węgiel, Neroulia, Kingstone International, Hector Saxe, Berliner Spielkarten, Fundex, Lagoon Games, Majora, Schmidt International, Oriental Trading Company, HABA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dos Reis, The Toy Network, Klee, Bisonte, Estrela, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Planet Finska, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Jumbo, Hasbro, HEMA, Sterling Games, Cathay, Game Factory, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Spear's Games, Pintoy, Peri Spiele, Pavilion, Crisloid, nestorgames, Dino Toys s. r. o., Creative Crafthouse, StirlingFox, M Petrushkin, Alga, Galison, Super Accord, Arrow Games Ltd, Piatnik, Gibsons, Inovac Rima SA, Søstrene Grene, Noris Spiele, Cayro, The Games, Gigliodoro, IRWIN Games, Silk Cut, (Self-Published), E. S. Lowe Company Inc., (Public Domain), Chadwick Miller Inc., Westside Fun Games, MB Spiele, play time, Brio AB, Juegos Ya S.L., CHH Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Schou, Masters Games, LuduScience, OPEN'N PLAY, Pin International, Schmidt France, Deuce, Selchow & Righter, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Pendleton, Diset S. A., Classic Toys, Smethport Specialty Co., Matsui Gaming Machine, Cardinal, Milton Bradley, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Merit, El Greco, Ariel Productions Ltd, Carlit, Dilemma Games, Gold Medal, Wild & Wolf, Glevum Games, Ludens Planet, Bello Games New York, Inc., Wood Expressions, Invicta Games, The Op Games, Square Root Games, John Jaques of London, Waddingtons, Croner, S & E, Ramsons, House Martin, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pelikan, Golden, Top Mark, Skor-Mor, Zontik Games, Palet spil, Pleasantime Games, Gamut of Games, ABRA, Pressman Toy Corp., Editrice Giochi, Harlekin, Maxco, Friendly Games, Inc., Editions ATLAS, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Reiss Games, Marlboro, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Schmidt Spiele, House of Marbles, Magnetic Poetry Inc, F.X. Schmid, American Express, Gammon Games, RoseArt, MB Spellen, Dal Negro, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Otto Maier Verlag, National Novelty Corp., Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, Heyne, Daells Varehus, Origem, Ghisò, WHSmith, Saitek, 3M, Marigó, Philos, The Purple Cow, Ravensburger, Sladecolour Board Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Fame Products, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Whitman, Blatz, (Unknown), Unicorn Products, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Galleryplay, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, P:OS Handels GmbH, Halsall, Tactic, Mitra, L. P. Septímio, K.E.Leg, Węgiel, Neroulia, Kingstone International, Hector Saxe, Berliner Spielkarten, Fundex, Lagoon Games, Majora, Schmidt International, Oriental Trading Company, HABA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dos Reis, The Toy Network, Klee, Bisonte, Estrela, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Planet Finska, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Jumbo, Hasbro, HEMA, Sterling Games, Cathay, Game Factory, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Spear's Games, Pintoy, Peri Spiele, Pavilion, Crisloid, nestorgames, Dino Toys s. r. o., Creative Crafthouse, StirlingFox, M Petrushkin, Alga, Galison, Super Accord, Arrow Games Ltd, Piatnik, Gibsons, Inovac Rima SA, Søstrene Grene, Noris Spiele, Cayro, The Games, Gigliodoro, IRWIN Games, Silk Cut, (Self-Published), E. S. Lowe Company Inc., (Public Domain), Chadwick Miller Inc., Westside Fun Games, MB Spiele, play time, Brio AB, Juegos Ya S.L., CHH Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Schou, Masters Games, LuduScience, OPEN'N PLAY, Pin International, Schmidt France, Deuce, Selchow & Righter, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Pendleton, Diset S. A., Classic Toys, Smethport Specialty Co., Matsui Gaming Machine, Cardinal, Milton Bradley, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Merit, El Greco, Ariel Productions Ltd, Carlit, Dilemma Games, Gold Medal, Wild & Wolf, Glevum Games, Ludens Planet, Bello Games New York, Inc., Wood Expressions, Invicta Games, The Op Games, Square Root Games, John Jaques of London, Waddingtons, Croner, S & E, Ramsons, House Martin, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pelikan, Golden, Top Mark, Skor-Mor, Zontik Games, Palet spil, Pleasantime Games, Gamut of Games, ABRA, Pressman Toy Corp., Editrice Giochi, Harlekin, Maxco, Friendly Games, Inc., Editions ATLAS, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Reiss Games, Marlboro, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Schmidt Spiele, House of Marbles, Magnetic Poetry Inc, F.X. Schmid, American Express, Gammon Games, RoseArt, MB Spellen, Dal Negro, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Otto Maier Verlag, National Novelty Corp., Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, Heyne, Daells Varehus, Origem, Ghisò, WHSmith, Saitek, 3M, Marigó, Philos, The Purple Cow, Ravensburger, Sladecolour Board Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Fame Products, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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