Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Majora, Halsall, Ramsons, Matsui Gaming Machine, (Self-Published), Sterling Games, Alga, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, John Jaques of London, Harlekin, Inovac Rima SA, Pendleton, Top Mark, Brio AB, LuduScience, Gamut of Games, Jumbo, F.X. Schmid, Hasbro, Klee, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Galleryplay, Dino Toys s. r. o., Ariel Productions Ltd, Friendly Games, Inc., Maxco, The Purple Cow, Gibsons, The Toy Network, (Unknown), Ludens Planet, Planet Finska, Sladecolour Board Games, L. P. Septímio, National Novelty Corp., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., Fame Products, Super Accord, M Petrushkin, Square Root Games, Crisloid, Estrela, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Marigó, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Western Publishing Company, Joker, play time, Game Factory, Whitman, Bello Games New York, Inc., Chadwick Miller Inc., Kingstone International, Cayro, The Games, Gigliodoro, Lagoon Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Galison, Heyne, CHH Games, House of Marbles, Arrow Games Ltd, nestorgames, StirlingFox, Poolmaster, Merit, Croner, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Gold Medal, Cardinal, Invicta Games, Wood Expressions, Marlboro, Piatnik, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pelikan, Origem, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schmidt Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Smethport Specialty Co., El Greco, Palet spil, IRWIN Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Philos, Gammon Games, Ghisò, Cathay, Blatz, Skor-Mor, Schou, RoseArt, Zontik Games, Daells Varehus, Milton Bradley, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Oriental Trading Company, Pintoy, Basic Fun, Inc., Silk Cut, Diset S. A., John Sands Pty Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Bisonte, Berliner Spielkarten, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Peri Spiele, Spear's Games, Glevum Games, MB Spiele, Carlit, Pin International, American Express, Dal Negro, Editions ATLAS, MB Spellen, Schmidt France, S & E, Neroulia, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Classic Toys, HEMA, Dilemma Games, Fundex, 3M, Hector Saxe, WHSmith, K.E.Leg, Wild & Wolf, House Martin, Søstrene Grene, Golden, OPEN'N PLAY, Reiss Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Otto Maier Verlag, Schmidt International, Vennerød Forlag AS, (Public Domain), Tactic, HABA, ABRA, Ravensburger, The Op Games, Westside Fun Games, Masters Games, Dos Reis, Waddingtons, Saitek, Unicorn Products, Pavilion, Selchow & Righter, Noris Spiele, Pleasantime Games, Mitra, Deuce, Juegos Ya S.L., Węgiel
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Race, Dice Rolling
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Majora, Halsall, Ramsons, Matsui Gaming Machine, (Self-Published), Sterling Games, Alga, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, John Jaques of London, Harlekin, Inovac Rima SA, Pendleton, Top Mark, Brio AB, LuduScience, Gamut of Games, Jumbo, F.X. Schmid, Hasbro, Klee, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Galleryplay, Dino Toys s. r. o., Ariel Productions Ltd, Friendly Games, Inc., Maxco, The Purple Cow, Gibsons, The Toy Network, (Unknown), Ludens Planet, Planet Finska, Sladecolour Board Games, L. P. Septímio, National Novelty Corp., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., Fame Products, Super Accord, M Petrushkin, Square Root Games, Crisloid, Estrela, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Marigó, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Western Publishing Company, Joker, play time, Game Factory, Whitman, Bello Games New York, Inc., Chadwick Miller Inc., Kingstone International, Cayro, The Games, Gigliodoro, Lagoon Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Galison, Heyne, CHH Games, House of Marbles, Arrow Games Ltd, nestorgames, StirlingFox, Poolmaster, Merit, Croner, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Gold Medal, Cardinal, Invicta Games, Wood Expressions, Marlboro, Piatnik, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pelikan, Origem, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schmidt Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Smethport Specialty Co., El Greco, Palet spil, IRWIN Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Philos, Gammon Games, Ghisò, Cathay, Blatz, Skor-Mor, Schou, RoseArt, Zontik Games, Daells Varehus, Milton Bradley, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Oriental Trading Company, Pintoy, Basic Fun, Inc., Silk Cut, Diset S. A., John Sands Pty Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Bisonte, Berliner Spielkarten, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Peri Spiele, Spear's Games, Glevum Games, MB Spiele, Carlit, Pin International, American Express, Dal Negro, Editions ATLAS, MB Spellen, Schmidt France, S & E, Neroulia, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Classic Toys, HEMA, Dilemma Games, Fundex, 3M, Hector Saxe, WHSmith, K.E.Leg, Wild & Wolf, House Martin, Søstrene Grene, Golden, OPEN'N PLAY, Reiss Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Otto Maier Verlag, Schmidt International, Vennerød Forlag AS, (Public Domain), Tactic, HABA, ABRA, Ravensburger, The Op Games, Westside Fun Games, Masters Games, Dos Reis, Waddingtons, Saitek, Unicorn Products, Pavilion, Selchow & Righter, Noris Spiele, Pleasantime Games, Mitra, Deuce, Juegos Ya S.L., Węgiel
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Race, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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