Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: El Greco, Alga, Klee, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), StirlingFox, Oriental Trading Company, Inovac Rima SA, Pavilion, Maxco, Bello Games New York, Inc., Hector Saxe, John Jaques of London, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wild & Wolf, Game Factory, LuduScience, (Public Domain), Daells Varehus, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Harlekin, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, House of Marbles, (Self-Published), Gammon Games, Pleasantime Games, Lagoon Games, Saitek, Ghisò, Planet Finska, Diset S. A., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., L. P. Septímio, Schmidt International, Schmidt Spiele, Pelikan, Arrow Games Ltd, Western Publishing Company, The Toy Network, S & E, Juegos Ya S.L., Carlit, play time, Origem, Friendly Games, Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, IRWIN Games, Golden, Selchow & Righter, Blatz, Basic Fun, Inc., MB Spellen, Ludens Planet, National Novelty Corp., Deuce, Reiss Games, Brio AB, Fame Products, Pin International, Marlboro, Philos, Dal Negro, Gamut of Games, Tactic, Milton Bradley, Super Accord, K.E.Leg, MB Spiele, Spear's Games, Noris Spiele, Wood Expressions, Galleryplay, Estrela, Waddington Sanders Ltd., HEMA, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Editions ATLAS, John Sands Pty Ltd, Masters Games, Majora, Classic Toys, Hasbro, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Mitra, Pressman Toy Corp., Magnetic Poetry Inc, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Søstrene Grene, Palet spil, Jumbo, Dos Reis, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Matsui Gaming Machine, Cardinal, Piatnik, Ravensburger, F.X. Schmid, M Petrushkin, Smethport Specialty Co., Merit, Dilemma Games, Gibsons, Skor-Mor, RoseArt, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Galison, Unicorn Products, ABRA, Waddingtons, Schmidt France, Cayro, The Games, HABA, Vennerød Forlag AS, Neroulia, Invicta Games, Joker, Cathay, Westside Fun Games, Top Mark, WHSmith, P:OS Handels GmbH, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Silk Cut, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Gigliodoro, Poolmaster, Ramsons, Gold Medal, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., The Op Games, Marigó, Peri Spiele, Editrice Giochi, Zontik Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., CHH Games, nestorgames, Dino Toys s. r. o., Whitman, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Kingstone International, Pintoy, (Unknown), Crisloid, The Purple Cow, Pendleton, Fundex, Sladecolour Board Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, 3M, OPEN'N PLAY, Halsall, Węgiel, Croner, Chadwick Miller Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Glevum Games, Schou, Square Root Games, Bisonte, House Martin, Heyne, American Express
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: El Greco, Alga, Klee, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), StirlingFox, Oriental Trading Company, Inovac Rima SA, Pavilion, Maxco, Bello Games New York, Inc., Hector Saxe, John Jaques of London, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wild & Wolf, Game Factory, LuduScience, (Public Domain), Daells Varehus, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Harlekin, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, House of Marbles, (Self-Published), Gammon Games, Pleasantime Games, Lagoon Games, Saitek, Ghisò, Planet Finska, Diset S. A., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., L. P. Septímio, Schmidt International, Schmidt Spiele, Pelikan, Arrow Games Ltd, Western Publishing Company, The Toy Network, S & E, Juegos Ya S.L., Carlit, play time, Origem, Friendly Games, Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, IRWIN Games, Golden, Selchow & Righter, Blatz, Basic Fun, Inc., MB Spellen, Ludens Planet, National Novelty Corp., Deuce, Reiss Games, Brio AB, Fame Products, Pin International, Marlboro, Philos, Dal Negro, Gamut of Games, Tactic, Milton Bradley, Super Accord, K.E.Leg, MB Spiele, Spear's Games, Noris Spiele, Wood Expressions, Galleryplay, Estrela, Waddington Sanders Ltd., HEMA, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Editions ATLAS, John Sands Pty Ltd, Masters Games, Majora, Classic Toys, Hasbro, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Mitra, Pressman Toy Corp., Magnetic Poetry Inc, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Søstrene Grene, Palet spil, Jumbo, Dos Reis, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Matsui Gaming Machine, Cardinal, Piatnik, Ravensburger, F.X. Schmid, M Petrushkin, Smethport Specialty Co., Merit, Dilemma Games, Gibsons, Skor-Mor, RoseArt, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Galison, Unicorn Products, ABRA, Waddingtons, Schmidt France, Cayro, The Games, HABA, Vennerød Forlag AS, Neroulia, Invicta Games, Joker, Cathay, Westside Fun Games, Top Mark, WHSmith, P:OS Handels GmbH, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Silk Cut, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Gigliodoro, Poolmaster, Ramsons, Gold Medal, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., The Op Games, Marigó, Peri Spiele, Editrice Giochi, Zontik Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., CHH Games, nestorgames, Dino Toys s. r. o., Whitman, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Kingstone International, Pintoy, (Unknown), Crisloid, The Purple Cow, Pendleton, Fundex, Sladecolour Board Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, 3M, OPEN'N PLAY, Halsall, Węgiel, Croner, Chadwick Miller Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Glevum Games, Schou, Square Root Games, Bisonte, House Martin, Heyne, American Express
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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