Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Glevum Games, MB Spiele, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Masters Games, M Petrushkin, Blatz, Ramsons, Waddingtons, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pelikan, Diset S. A., Heyne, Fundex, (Self-Published), Sladecolour Board Games, Estrela, Pintoy, Wood Expressions, S & E, WHSmith, CHH Games, Super Accord, El Greco, Klee, Schmidt France, Reiss Games, American Express, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Selchow & Righter, Ariel Productions Ltd, Gibsons, Dino Toys s. r. o., Marlboro, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, Milton Bradley, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Tactic, Vennerød Forlag AS, Unicorn Products, Juegos Ya S.L., Berliner Spielkarten, Galison, Invicta Games, Ghisò, Hasbro, Pendleton, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, MB Spellen, National Novelty Corp., House Martin, Ludens Planet, Matsui Gaming Machine, Schou, Golden, Deuce, Fame Products, Merit, Jumbo, Inovac Rima SA, Silk Cut, Whitman, The Toy Network, Spear's Games, Skor-Mor, Croner, K.E.Leg, Game Factory, Philos, John Jaques of London, Peri Spiele, Schmidt Spiele, (Public Domain), Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Brio AB, Editrice Giochi, Top Mark, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., Pavilion, play time, P:OS Handels GmbH, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Origem, Bello Games New York, Inc., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Gammon Games, Editions ATLAS, Majora, Basic Fun, Inc., Gold Medal, Galleryplay, Piatnik, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, nestorgames, Węgiel, Gigliodoro, Cathay, Harlekin, StirlingFox, Westside Fun Games, Mitra, Halsall, Otto Maier Verlag, The Purple Cow, Friendly Games, Inc., Planet Finska, Carlit, Arrow Games Ltd, Dal Negro, HEMA, Oriental Trading Company, Søstrene Grene, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Cayro, The Games, Maxco, House of Marbles, Classic Toys, 3M, Gamut of Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Dos Reis, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Marigó, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., ABRA, Joker, Noris Spiele, Saitek, Alga, Chadwick Miller Inc., Palet spil, Neroulia, Crisloid, Sterling Games, Wild & Wolf, IRWIN Games, RoseArt, Dilemma Games, Ravensburger, Daells Varehus, Pin International, Kingstone International, The Op Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Lagoon Games, HABA, Pleasantime Games, Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, LuduScience, Hector Saxe, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Cardinal, F.X. Schmid, Bisonte, Smethport Specialty Co., L. P. Septímio, Schmidt International, (Unknown), Square Root Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore)
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Glevum Games, MB Spiele, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Masters Games, M Petrushkin, Blatz, Ramsons, Waddingtons, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pelikan, Diset S. A., Heyne, Fundex, (Self-Published), Sladecolour Board Games, Estrela, Pintoy, Wood Expressions, S & E, WHSmith, CHH Games, Super Accord, El Greco, Klee, Schmidt France, Reiss Games, American Express, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Selchow & Righter, Ariel Productions Ltd, Gibsons, Dino Toys s. r. o., Marlboro, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, Milton Bradley, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Tactic, Vennerød Forlag AS, Unicorn Products, Juegos Ya S.L., Berliner Spielkarten, Galison, Invicta Games, Ghisò, Hasbro, Pendleton, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, MB Spellen, National Novelty Corp., House Martin, Ludens Planet, Matsui Gaming Machine, Schou, Golden, Deuce, Fame Products, Merit, Jumbo, Inovac Rima SA, Silk Cut, Whitman, The Toy Network, Spear's Games, Skor-Mor, Croner, K.E.Leg, Game Factory, Philos, John Jaques of London, Peri Spiele, Schmidt Spiele, (Public Domain), Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Brio AB, Editrice Giochi, Top Mark, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., Pavilion, play time, P:OS Handels GmbH, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Origem, Bello Games New York, Inc., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Gammon Games, Editions ATLAS, Majora, Basic Fun, Inc., Gold Medal, Galleryplay, Piatnik, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, nestorgames, Węgiel, Gigliodoro, Cathay, Harlekin, StirlingFox, Westside Fun Games, Mitra, Halsall, Otto Maier Verlag, The Purple Cow, Friendly Games, Inc., Planet Finska, Carlit, Arrow Games Ltd, Dal Negro, HEMA, Oriental Trading Company, Søstrene Grene, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Cayro, The Games, Maxco, House of Marbles, Classic Toys, 3M, Gamut of Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Dos Reis, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Marigó, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., ABRA, Joker, Noris Spiele, Saitek, Alga, Chadwick Miller Inc., Palet spil, Neroulia, Crisloid, Sterling Games, Wild & Wolf, IRWIN Games, RoseArt, Dilemma Games, Ravensburger, Daells Varehus, Pin International, Kingstone International, The Op Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Lagoon Games, HABA, Pleasantime Games, Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, LuduScience, Hector Saxe, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Cardinal, F.X. Schmid, Bisonte, Smethport Specialty Co., L. P. Septímio, Schmidt International, (Unknown), Square Root Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore)
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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