Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Neroulia, Heyne, (Unknown), Waddingtons, House Martin, Fame Products, Marigó, Super Accord, Crisloid, Ramsons, Pavilion, Blatz, Top Mark, Gammon Games, Pin International, Noris Spiele, S & E, Sladecolour Board Games, Pintoy, Magnetic Poetry Inc, RoseArt, Golden, Hasbro, El Greco, Søstrene Grene, Alga, Oriental Trading Company, LuduScience, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Friendly Games, Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Glevum Games, MB Spiele, Milton Bradley, MB Spellen, Unicorn Products, Gamut of Games, Carlit, Wood Expressions, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, M Petrushkin, Pressman Toy Corp., F.X. Schmid, Pelikan, Majora, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Smethport Specialty Co., Game Factory, IRWIN Games, Western Publishing Company, Cathay, The Purple Cow, Croner, Square Root Games, John Jaques of London, Schmidt International, Reiss Games, L. P. Septímio, Harlekin, HEMA, Saitek, play time, Arrow Games Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Brio AB, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Spear's Games, Marlboro, HABA, CHH Games, The Toy Network, Basic Fun, Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., Classic Toys, 3M, Chadwick Miller Inc., Ludens Planet, Jumbo, Inovac Rima SA, Klee, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Philos, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Maxco, Hector Saxe, K.E.Leg, Dos Reis, Merit, WHSmith, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., nestorgames, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John Sands Pty Ltd, Origem, Estrela, Dilemma Games, Gigliodoro, Juegos Ya S.L., Joker, Tactic, The Op Games, Skor-Mor, Selchow & Righter, Poolmaster, Westside Fun Games, Creative Crafthouse, StirlingFox, Pleasantime Games, ABRA, Fundex, House of Marbles, Cayro, The Games, Diset S. A., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Bisonte, Silk Cut, Piatnik, P:OS Handels GmbH, Galison, Planet Finska, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Invicta Games, Kingstone International, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wild & Wolf, American Express, Sterling Games, Gold Medal, Editions ATLAS, Halsall, Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburger, Bello Games New York, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, Matsui Gaming Machine, Zontik Games, Mitra, (Public Domain), Ghisò, Cardinal, Masters Games, Galleryplay, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Editrice Giochi, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Lagoon Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Pendleton, Węgiel, Dal Negro, Deuce, (Self-Published), Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Berliner Spielkarten, Peri Spiele, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Gibsons, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), National Novelty Corp., Whitman, Schou, Palet spil, Daells Varehus
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Neroulia, Heyne, (Unknown), Waddingtons, House Martin, Fame Products, Marigó, Super Accord, Crisloid, Ramsons, Pavilion, Blatz, Top Mark, Gammon Games, Pin International, Noris Spiele, S & E, Sladecolour Board Games, Pintoy, Magnetic Poetry Inc, RoseArt, Golden, Hasbro, El Greco, Søstrene Grene, Alga, Oriental Trading Company, LuduScience, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Friendly Games, Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Glevum Games, MB Spiele, Milton Bradley, MB Spellen, Unicorn Products, Gamut of Games, Carlit, Wood Expressions, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, M Petrushkin, Pressman Toy Corp., F.X. Schmid, Pelikan, Majora, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Smethport Specialty Co., Game Factory, IRWIN Games, Western Publishing Company, Cathay, The Purple Cow, Croner, Square Root Games, John Jaques of London, Schmidt International, Reiss Games, L. P. Septímio, Harlekin, HEMA, Saitek, play time, Arrow Games Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Brio AB, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Spear's Games, Marlboro, HABA, CHH Games, The Toy Network, Basic Fun, Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., Classic Toys, 3M, Chadwick Miller Inc., Ludens Planet, Jumbo, Inovac Rima SA, Klee, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Philos, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Maxco, Hector Saxe, K.E.Leg, Dos Reis, Merit, WHSmith, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., nestorgames, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John Sands Pty Ltd, Origem, Estrela, Dilemma Games, Gigliodoro, Juegos Ya S.L., Joker, Tactic, The Op Games, Skor-Mor, Selchow & Righter, Poolmaster, Westside Fun Games, Creative Crafthouse, StirlingFox, Pleasantime Games, ABRA, Fundex, House of Marbles, Cayro, The Games, Diset S. A., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Bisonte, Silk Cut, Piatnik, P:OS Handels GmbH, Galison, Planet Finska, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Invicta Games, Kingstone International, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wild & Wolf, American Express, Sterling Games, Gold Medal, Editions ATLAS, Halsall, Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburger, Bello Games New York, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, Matsui Gaming Machine, Zontik Games, Mitra, (Public Domain), Ghisò, Cardinal, Masters Games, Galleryplay, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Editrice Giochi, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Lagoon Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Pendleton, Węgiel, Dal Negro, Deuce, (Self-Published), Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Berliner Spielkarten, Peri Spiele, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Gibsons, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), National Novelty Corp., Whitman, Schou, Palet spil, Daells Varehus
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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