Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Pintoy, Cathay, Dos Reis, Maxco, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, M Petrushkin, Tactic, Fundex, Pin International, Glevum Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Estrela, Sterling Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Basic Fun, Inc., Peri Spiele, 3M, John Jaques of London, Ravensburger, Unicorn Products, The Toy Network, Super Accord, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Arrow Games Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Harlekin, Zontik Games, House of Marbles, Oriental Trading Company, MB Spellen, The Op Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Planet Finska, (Self-Published), Halsall, Classic Toys, Golden, Selchow & Righter, Neroulia, Majora, S & E, Smethport Specialty Co., Waddingtons, Milton Bradley, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Jumbo, Otto Maier Verlag, Alga, Merit, Diset S. A., Wild & Wolf, Magnetic Poetry Inc, nestorgames, play time, Blatz, Cardinal, Poolmaster, Heyne, National Novelty Corp., WHSmith, Fame Products, Lagoon Games, Klee, Ludens Planet, Ramsons, Square Root Games, Saitek, Pelikan, MB Spiele, Galleryplay, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Bello Games New York, Inc., IRWIN Games, LuduScience, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, The Purple Cow, Creative Crafthouse, Dilemma Games, Hector Saxe, Węgiel, Silk Cut, Spear's Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., John Sands Pty Ltd, Hasbro, RoseArt, Bisonte, Reiss Games, Top Mark, Noris Spiele, El Greco, HABA, Pendleton, Masters Games, Western Publishing Company, Game Factory, Whitman, Origem, Invicta Games, Philos, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Crisloid, Gibsons, Palet spil, House Martin, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Inovac Rima SA, Schmidt Spiele, Carlit, Vennerød Forlag AS, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Cayro, The Games, Pavilion, F.X. Schmid, Dal Negro, Ghisò, StirlingFox, Croner, Galison, Gamut of Games, Piatnik, OPEN'N PLAY, Deuce, Matsui Gaming Machine, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pleasantime Games, Joker, Schou, Wood Expressions, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Editrice Giochi, Sladecolour Board Games, Mitra, Marigó, American Express, Schmidt International, Skor-Mor, P:OS Handels GmbH, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Kingstone International, Marlboro, (Public Domain), Gammon Games, Editions ATLAS, Brio AB, Daells Varehus, Pressman Toy Corp., HEMA, (Unknown), Friendly Games, Inc., Søstrene Grene, L. P. Septímio, K.E.Leg, Berliner Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Gold Medal, CHH Games, Westside Fun Games, Gigliodoro, ABRA, Juegos Ya S.L.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Race
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Pintoy, Cathay, Dos Reis, Maxco, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, M Petrushkin, Tactic, Fundex, Pin International, Glevum Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Estrela, Sterling Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Basic Fun, Inc., Peri Spiele, 3M, John Jaques of London, Ravensburger, Unicorn Products, The Toy Network, Super Accord, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Arrow Games Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Harlekin, Zontik Games, House of Marbles, Oriental Trading Company, MB Spellen, The Op Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Planet Finska, (Self-Published), Halsall, Classic Toys, Golden, Selchow & Righter, Neroulia, Majora, S & E, Smethport Specialty Co., Waddingtons, Milton Bradley, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Jumbo, Otto Maier Verlag, Alga, Merit, Diset S. A., Wild & Wolf, Magnetic Poetry Inc, nestorgames, play time, Blatz, Cardinal, Poolmaster, Heyne, National Novelty Corp., WHSmith, Fame Products, Lagoon Games, Klee, Ludens Planet, Ramsons, Square Root Games, Saitek, Pelikan, MB Spiele, Galleryplay, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Bello Games New York, Inc., IRWIN Games, LuduScience, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, The Purple Cow, Creative Crafthouse, Dilemma Games, Hector Saxe, Węgiel, Silk Cut, Spear's Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., John Sands Pty Ltd, Hasbro, RoseArt, Bisonte, Reiss Games, Top Mark, Noris Spiele, El Greco, HABA, Pendleton, Masters Games, Western Publishing Company, Game Factory, Whitman, Origem, Invicta Games, Philos, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Crisloid, Gibsons, Palet spil, House Martin, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Inovac Rima SA, Schmidt Spiele, Carlit, Vennerød Forlag AS, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Cayro, The Games, Pavilion, F.X. Schmid, Dal Negro, Ghisò, StirlingFox, Croner, Galison, Gamut of Games, Piatnik, OPEN'N PLAY, Deuce, Matsui Gaming Machine, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pleasantime Games, Joker, Schou, Wood Expressions, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Editrice Giochi, Sladecolour Board Games, Mitra, Marigó, American Express, Schmidt International, Skor-Mor, P:OS Handels GmbH, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Kingstone International, Marlboro, (Public Domain), Gammon Games, Editions ATLAS, Brio AB, Daells Varehus, Pressman Toy Corp., HEMA, (Unknown), Friendly Games, Inc., Søstrene Grene, L. P. Septímio, K.E.Leg, Berliner Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Gold Medal, CHH Games, Westside Fun Games, Gigliodoro, ABRA, Juegos Ya S.L.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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