Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Juegos Ya S.L., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Neroulia, play time, Inovac Rima SA, Matsui Gaming Machine, Otto Maier Verlag, Heyne, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Skor-Mor, (Unknown), HEMA, Gold Medal, Bisonte, John Sands Pty Ltd, Spear's Games, Piatnik, Super Accord, Hector Saxe, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Pendleton, Top Mark, L. P. Septímio, WHSmith, Pelikan, Editrice Giochi, Unicorn Products, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Gamut of Games, Palet spil, Blatz, Alga, IRWIN Games, Whitman, Saitek, Schmidt International, Jumbo, Basic Fun, Inc., Golden, Søstrene Grene, Smethport Specialty Co., Selchow & Righter, Arrow Games Ltd, Dilemma Games, Ghisò, Diset S. A., Merit, (Self-Published), Ludens Planet, Reiss Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ravensburger, 3M, House of Marbles, Croner, Berliner Spielkarten, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., The Toy Network, Classic Toys, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, The Purple Cow, Galleryplay, Fundex, CHH Games, Cayro, The Games, Galison, National Novelty Corp., Dal Negro, Crisloid, Poolmaster, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Kingstone International, HABA, Editions ATLAS, Westside Fun Games, Ramsons, Schou, Pavilion, Maxco, Planet Finska, ABRA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Marlboro, Carlit, Gammon Games, American Express, Schmidt France, El Greco, Hasbro, Pleasantime Games, Sladecolour Board Games, Invicta Games, Estrela, Wild & Wolf, Noris Spiele, Milton Bradley, Brio AB, Węgiel, Western Publishing Company, K.E.Leg, Sterling Games, Harlekin, Dino Toys s. r. o., M Petrushkin, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Chadwick Miller Inc., The Op Games, Pin International, Deuce, Gibsons, nestorgames, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Cardinal, Vennerød Forlag AS, P:OS Handels GmbH, Lagoon Games, Daells Varehus, OPEN'N PLAY, S & E, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Majora, Klee, MB Spellen, Fame Products, Gigliodoro, Square Root Games, Game Factory, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Pintoy, House Martin, Pressman Toy Corp., Marigó, Silk Cut, Ariel Productions Ltd, Zontik Games, Peri Spiele, RoseArt, Joker, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), F.X. Schmid, Dos Reis, MB Spiele, (Public Domain), Mitra, LuduScience, Creative Crafthouse, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Halsall, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Glevum Games, John Jaques of London, Tactic, Friendly Games, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, Cathay, Philos, Oriental Trading Company, StirlingFox, Origem, Wood Expressions, Masters Games, Waddingtons
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Juegos Ya S.L., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Neroulia, play time, Inovac Rima SA, Matsui Gaming Machine, Otto Maier Verlag, Heyne, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Skor-Mor, (Unknown), HEMA, Gold Medal, Bisonte, John Sands Pty Ltd, Spear's Games, Piatnik, Super Accord, Hector Saxe, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Pendleton, Top Mark, L. P. Septímio, WHSmith, Pelikan, Editrice Giochi, Unicorn Products, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Gamut of Games, Palet spil, Blatz, Alga, IRWIN Games, Whitman, Saitek, Schmidt International, Jumbo, Basic Fun, Inc., Golden, Søstrene Grene, Smethport Specialty Co., Selchow & Righter, Arrow Games Ltd, Dilemma Games, Ghisò, Diset S. A., Merit, (Self-Published), Ludens Planet, Reiss Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ravensburger, 3M, House of Marbles, Croner, Berliner Spielkarten, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., The Toy Network, Classic Toys, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, The Purple Cow, Galleryplay, Fundex, CHH Games, Cayro, The Games, Galison, National Novelty Corp., Dal Negro, Crisloid, Poolmaster, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Kingstone International, HABA, Editions ATLAS, Westside Fun Games, Ramsons, Schou, Pavilion, Maxco, Planet Finska, ABRA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Marlboro, Carlit, Gammon Games, American Express, Schmidt France, El Greco, Hasbro, Pleasantime Games, Sladecolour Board Games, Invicta Games, Estrela, Wild & Wolf, Noris Spiele, Milton Bradley, Brio AB, Węgiel, Western Publishing Company, K.E.Leg, Sterling Games, Harlekin, Dino Toys s. r. o., M Petrushkin, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Chadwick Miller Inc., The Op Games, Pin International, Deuce, Gibsons, nestorgames, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Cardinal, Vennerød Forlag AS, P:OS Handels GmbH, Lagoon Games, Daells Varehus, OPEN'N PLAY, S & E, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Majora, Klee, MB Spellen, Fame Products, Gigliodoro, Square Root Games, Game Factory, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Pintoy, House Martin, Pressman Toy Corp., Marigó, Silk Cut, Ariel Productions Ltd, Zontik Games, Peri Spiele, RoseArt, Joker, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), F.X. Schmid, Dos Reis, MB Spiele, (Public Domain), Mitra, LuduScience, Creative Crafthouse, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Halsall, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Glevum Games, John Jaques of London, Tactic, Friendly Games, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, Cathay, Philos, Oriental Trading Company, StirlingFox, Origem, Wood Expressions, Masters Games, Waddingtons
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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