Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: CHH Games, Lagoon Games, nestorgames, Palet spil, (Unknown), ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, Selchow & Righter, MB Spellen, Juegos Ya S.L., Matsui Gaming Machine, Hasbro, Waddingtons, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Tactic, Arrow Games Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Gibsons, Carlit, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Top Mark, Halsall, Reiss Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, Fundex, Origem, Poolmaster, Philos, Ravensburger, The Toy Network, Noris Spiele, (Self-Published), Diset S. A., Wild & Wolf, Magnetic Poetry Inc, K.E.Leg, Ramsons, Square Root Games, The Op Games, Maxco, IRWIN Games, (Public Domain), ABRA, Pintoy, Brio AB, Klee, Harlekin, Joker, Deuce, Planet Finska, Galison, Schmidt International, Ghisò, Pavilion, Oriental Trading Company, S & E, Bisonte, HABA, LuduScience, Estrela, Classic Toys, Schmidt France, OPEN'N PLAY, Glevum Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Gold Medal, Pelikan, M Petrushkin, Sterling Games, Fame Products, Cathay, The Purple Cow, Friendly Games, Inc., Marlboro, Masters Games, Super Accord, Ludens Planet, Schou, Unicorn Products, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, MB Spiele, Berliner Spielkarten, Skor-Mor, Mitra, Spear's Games, Whitman, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Merit, Hector Saxe, Invicta Games, Saitek, RoseArt, John Jaques of London, Milton Bradley, Dilemma Games, WHSmith, Schmidt Spiele, Daells Varehus, Dino Toys s. r. o., Crisloid, Basic Fun, Inc., House of Marbles, Golden, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ariel Productions Ltd, Smethport Specialty Co., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Pleasantime Games, 3M, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gammon Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., F.X. Schmid, Zontik Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Vennerød Forlag AS, Jumbo, Piatnik, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pendleton, Majora, Pressman Toy Corp., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Cardinal, Blatz, Alga, play time, Editions ATLAS, Westside Fun Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), House Martin, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., American Express, National Novelty Corp., Cayro, The Games, Silk Cut, Western Publishing Company, Peri Spiele, Kingstone International, HEMA, Inovac Rima SA, John Sands Pty Ltd, Gigliodoro, El Greco, Heyne, Węgiel, Dal Negro, Søstrene Grene, Pin International, Dos Reis, Croner, Marigó, Neroulia, StirlingFox, Galleryplay, Wood Expressions, Game Factory, L. P. Septímio, Gamut of Games
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Race, Static Capture
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: CHH Games, Lagoon Games, nestorgames, Palet spil, (Unknown), ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, Selchow & Righter, MB Spellen, Juegos Ya S.L., Matsui Gaming Machine, Hasbro, Waddingtons, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Tactic, Arrow Games Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Gibsons, Carlit, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Top Mark, Halsall, Reiss Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, Fundex, Origem, Poolmaster, Philos, Ravensburger, The Toy Network, Noris Spiele, (Self-Published), Diset S. A., Wild & Wolf, Magnetic Poetry Inc, K.E.Leg, Ramsons, Square Root Games, The Op Games, Maxco, IRWIN Games, (Public Domain), ABRA, Pintoy, Brio AB, Klee, Harlekin, Joker, Deuce, Planet Finska, Galison, Schmidt International, Ghisò, Pavilion, Oriental Trading Company, S & E, Bisonte, HABA, LuduScience, Estrela, Classic Toys, Schmidt France, OPEN'N PLAY, Glevum Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Gold Medal, Pelikan, M Petrushkin, Sterling Games, Fame Products, Cathay, The Purple Cow, Friendly Games, Inc., Marlboro, Masters Games, Super Accord, Ludens Planet, Schou, Unicorn Products, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, MB Spiele, Berliner Spielkarten, Skor-Mor, Mitra, Spear's Games, Whitman, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Merit, Hector Saxe, Invicta Games, Saitek, RoseArt, John Jaques of London, Milton Bradley, Dilemma Games, WHSmith, Schmidt Spiele, Daells Varehus, Dino Toys s. r. o., Crisloid, Basic Fun, Inc., House of Marbles, Golden, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ariel Productions Ltd, Smethport Specialty Co., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Pleasantime Games, 3M, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gammon Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., F.X. Schmid, Zontik Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Vennerød Forlag AS, Jumbo, Piatnik, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pendleton, Majora, Pressman Toy Corp., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Cardinal, Blatz, Alga, play time, Editions ATLAS, Westside Fun Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), House Martin, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., American Express, National Novelty Corp., Cayro, The Games, Silk Cut, Western Publishing Company, Peri Spiele, Kingstone International, HEMA, Inovac Rima SA, John Sands Pty Ltd, Gigliodoro, El Greco, Heyne, Węgiel, Dal Negro, Søstrene Grene, Pin International, Dos Reis, Croner, Marigó, Neroulia, StirlingFox, Galleryplay, Wood Expressions, Game Factory, L. P. Septímio, Gamut of Games
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Race, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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