Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Classic Toys, (Public Domain), Western Publishing Company, Top Mark, Masters Games, Galleryplay, StirlingFox, Fundex, Crisloid, Schmidt International, House Martin, Chadwick Miller Inc., Węgiel, MB Spiele, Fame Products, Cardinal, OPEN'N PLAY, Maxco, Gigliodoro, Alga, Pavilion, Reiss Games, 3M, Dos Reis, Milton Bradley, F.X. Schmid, (Self-Published), Selchow & Righter, Inovac Rima SA, Pintoy, Wild & Wolf, Origem, Ludens Planet, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Hasbro, John Jaques of London, Oriental Trading Company, The Toy Network, The Purple Cow, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, HEMA, Editions ATLAS, Neroulia, L. P. Septímio, Basic Fun, Inc., Noris Spiele, Whitman, Bisonte, El Greco, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Ariel Productions Ltd, Halsall, Estrela, Planet Finska, Westside Fun Games, Daells Varehus, Palet spil, Smethport Specialty Co., IRWIN Games, Gamut of Games, Gold Medal, Unicorn Products, Dilemma Games, Søstrene Grene, Wood Expressions, Waddingtons, Arrow Games Ltd, Tactic, Lagoon Games, Gibsons, Galison, Ghisò, Cayro, The Games, ABRA, HABA, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Marigó, Berliner Spielkarten, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Deuce, American Express, Blatz, Schou, (Unknown), P:OS Handels GmbH, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Philos, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Zontik Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Pin International, Peri Spiele, Majora, LuduScience, Skor-Mor, The Op Games, Spear's Games, Glevum Games, Ramsons, Creative Crafthouse, Schmidt France, WHSmith, Silk Cut, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Game Factory, Sterling Games, Pendleton, Saitek, Gammon Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Croner, CHH Games, MB Spellen, Joker, Otto Maier Verlag, Editrice Giochi, House of Marbles, Kingstone International, Invicta Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Marlboro, National Novelty Corp., S & E, Ravensburger, Pressman Toy Corp., Brio AB, Cathay, Pelikan, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Merit, Carlit, M Petrushkin, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Piatnik, Mitra, Dino Toys s. r. o., Square Root Games, RoseArt, Jumbo, Golden, Schmidt Spiele, Hector Saxe, Vennerød Forlag AS, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Dal Negro, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Super Accord, Heyne, Diset S. A., John Sands Pty Ltd, Poolmaster, Klee, play time, Harlekin, Juegos Ya S.L., K.E.Leg, nestorgames, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pleasantime Games, Sladecolour Board Games
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Classic Toys, (Public Domain), Western Publishing Company, Top Mark, Masters Games, Galleryplay, StirlingFox, Fundex, Crisloid, Schmidt International, House Martin, Chadwick Miller Inc., Węgiel, MB Spiele, Fame Products, Cardinal, OPEN'N PLAY, Maxco, Gigliodoro, Alga, Pavilion, Reiss Games, 3M, Dos Reis, Milton Bradley, F.X. Schmid, (Self-Published), Selchow & Righter, Inovac Rima SA, Pintoy, Wild & Wolf, Origem, Ludens Planet, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Hasbro, John Jaques of London, Oriental Trading Company, The Toy Network, The Purple Cow, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, HEMA, Editions ATLAS, Neroulia, L. P. Septímio, Basic Fun, Inc., Noris Spiele, Whitman, Bisonte, El Greco, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Ariel Productions Ltd, Halsall, Estrela, Planet Finska, Westside Fun Games, Daells Varehus, Palet spil, Smethport Specialty Co., IRWIN Games, Gamut of Games, Gold Medal, Unicorn Products, Dilemma Games, Søstrene Grene, Wood Expressions, Waddingtons, Arrow Games Ltd, Tactic, Lagoon Games, Gibsons, Galison, Ghisò, Cayro, The Games, ABRA, HABA, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Marigó, Berliner Spielkarten, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Deuce, American Express, Blatz, Schou, (Unknown), P:OS Handels GmbH, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Philos, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Zontik Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Pin International, Peri Spiele, Majora, LuduScience, Skor-Mor, The Op Games, Spear's Games, Glevum Games, Ramsons, Creative Crafthouse, Schmidt France, WHSmith, Silk Cut, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Game Factory, Sterling Games, Pendleton, Saitek, Gammon Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Croner, CHH Games, MB Spellen, Joker, Otto Maier Verlag, Editrice Giochi, House of Marbles, Kingstone International, Invicta Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Marlboro, National Novelty Corp., S & E, Ravensburger, Pressman Toy Corp., Brio AB, Cathay, Pelikan, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Merit, Carlit, M Petrushkin, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Piatnik, Mitra, Dino Toys s. r. o., Square Root Games, RoseArt, Jumbo, Golden, Schmidt Spiele, Hector Saxe, Vennerød Forlag AS, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Dal Negro, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Super Accord, Heyne, Diset S. A., John Sands Pty Ltd, Poolmaster, Klee, play time, Harlekin, Juegos Ya S.L., K.E.Leg, nestorgames, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pleasantime Games, Sladecolour Board Games
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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