Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Pintoy, Kingstone International, Unicorn Products, Gigliodoro, Skor-Mor, Dino Toys s. r. o., Pressman Toy Corp., Mitra, IRWIN Games, Dal Negro, Saitek, Golden, Whitman, Schou, Cayro, The Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, National Novelty Corp., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Merit, Alga, play time, Węgiel, Noris Spiele, Majora, Ariel Productions Ltd, Editrice Giochi, HEMA, Origem, Gammon Games, Estrela, Ghisò, Planet Finska, Wood Expressions, Blatz, Jumbo, Philos, WHSmith, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Spear's Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Deuce, Ramsons, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, 3M, Bello Games New York, Inc., Joker, Lagoon Games, Creative Crafthouse, House Martin, The Purple Cow, Chadwick Miller Inc., Pavilion, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Marigó, Harlekin, Ravensburger, Pendleton, Vennerød Forlag AS, Milton Bradley, S & E, Matsui Gaming Machine, El Greco, Berliner Spielkarten, M Petrushkin, OPEN'N PLAY, Reiss Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Zontik Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Square Root Games, Game Factory, Bisonte, Fundex, nestorgames, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, L. P. Septímio, John Jaques of London, Masters Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Marlboro, Galison, Pleasantime Games, Oriental Trading Company, Gibsons, Classic Toys, Silk Cut, Pin International, CHH Games, Wild & Wolf, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Klee, Neroulia, Schmidt Spiele, Carlit, Galleryplay, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Piatnik, Hector Saxe, MB Spellen, Smethport Specialty Co., Dos Reis, Schmidt International, Palet spil, (Unknown), Sterling Games, Cardinal, Gold Medal, P:OS Handels GmbH, Editions ATLAS, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, American Express, Tactic, The Toy Network, Westside Fun Games, Otto Maier Verlag, LuduScience, HABA, Basic Fun, Inc., Schmidt France, Daells Varehus, Pelikan, StirlingFox, F.X. Schmid, The Op Games, Crisloid, Fame Products, Waddingtons, Hasbro, Brio AB, Heyne, Søstrene Grene, Super Accord, Invicta Games, Gamut of Games, (Self-Published), Selchow & Righter, Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Juegos Ya S.L., Dilemma Games, House of Marbles, Maxco, ABRA, Peri Spiele, Cathay, Arrow Games Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Halsall, Croner, MB Spiele, (Public Domain), Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Magnetic Poetry Inc, John Sands Pty Ltd, Diset S. A., Friendly Games, Inc., K.E.Leg, Inovac Rima SA, RoseArt, Top Mark
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Pintoy, Kingstone International, Unicorn Products, Gigliodoro, Skor-Mor, Dino Toys s. r. o., Pressman Toy Corp., Mitra, IRWIN Games, Dal Negro, Saitek, Golden, Whitman, Schou, Cayro, The Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, National Novelty Corp., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Merit, Alga, play time, Węgiel, Noris Spiele, Majora, Ariel Productions Ltd, Editrice Giochi, HEMA, Origem, Gammon Games, Estrela, Ghisò, Planet Finska, Wood Expressions, Blatz, Jumbo, Philos, WHSmith, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Spear's Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Deuce, Ramsons, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, 3M, Bello Games New York, Inc., Joker, Lagoon Games, Creative Crafthouse, House Martin, The Purple Cow, Chadwick Miller Inc., Pavilion, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Marigó, Harlekin, Ravensburger, Pendleton, Vennerød Forlag AS, Milton Bradley, S & E, Matsui Gaming Machine, El Greco, Berliner Spielkarten, M Petrushkin, OPEN'N PLAY, Reiss Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Zontik Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Square Root Games, Game Factory, Bisonte, Fundex, nestorgames, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, L. P. Septímio, John Jaques of London, Masters Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Marlboro, Galison, Pleasantime Games, Oriental Trading Company, Gibsons, Classic Toys, Silk Cut, Pin International, CHH Games, Wild & Wolf, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Klee, Neroulia, Schmidt Spiele, Carlit, Galleryplay, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Piatnik, Hector Saxe, MB Spellen, Smethport Specialty Co., Dos Reis, Schmidt International, Palet spil, (Unknown), Sterling Games, Cardinal, Gold Medal, P:OS Handels GmbH, Editions ATLAS, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, American Express, Tactic, The Toy Network, Westside Fun Games, Otto Maier Verlag, LuduScience, HABA, Basic Fun, Inc., Schmidt France, Daells Varehus, Pelikan, StirlingFox, F.X. Schmid, The Op Games, Crisloid, Fame Products, Waddingtons, Hasbro, Brio AB, Heyne, Søstrene Grene, Super Accord, Invicta Games, Gamut of Games, (Self-Published), Selchow & Righter, Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Juegos Ya S.L., Dilemma Games, House of Marbles, Maxco, ABRA, Peri Spiele, Cathay, Arrow Games Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Halsall, Croner, MB Spiele, (Public Domain), Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Magnetic Poetry Inc, John Sands Pty Ltd, Diset S. A., Friendly Games, Inc., K.E.Leg, Inovac Rima SA, RoseArt, Top Mark
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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