Backgammon (1630)
Tempo de Jogo: 30
Idade Mín.: 8
Jogadores: 2
Editora: 3M, Galison, Gold Medal, Philos, Magnetic Poetry Inc, StirlingFox, Dal Negro, Game Factory, MB Spellen, Origem, The Op Games, Merit, Heyne, ABRA, OPEN'N PLAY, Maxco, Dos Reis, Wood Expressions, Schmidt France, Gammon Games, Croner, Pin International, Peri Spiele, Cardinal, Basic Fun, Inc., Gibsons, Bello Games New York, Inc., MB Spiele, Carlit, Tactic, Estrela, Super Accord, Top Mark, Wild & Wolf, Chadwick Miller Inc., Reiss Games, Ravensburger, RoseArt, Harlekin, Spear's Games, Arrow Games Ltd, F.X. Schmid, Klee, Piatnik, Węgiel, El Greco, Pavilion, John Jaques of London, Smethport Specialty Co., Ramsons, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Fame Products, Zontik Games, Søstrene Grene, Sladecolour Board Games, Oriental Trading Company, Mitra, Square Root Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Westside Fun Games, Crisloid, Hector Saxe, Waddingtons, play time, Otto Maier Verlag, Classic Toys, Majora, Alga, CHH Games, Masters Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Saitek, HEMA, (Public Domain), Halsall, nestorgames, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., House Martin, Ghisò, Jumbo, Fundex, Cayro, The Games, Brio AB, HABA, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Bisonte, Poolmaster, Daells Varehus, Whitman, Skor-Mor, Glevum Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Kingstone International, Palet spil, Dilemma Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Friendly Games, Inc., Milton Bradley, Deuce, Western Publishing Company, Pelikan, Joker, Matsui Gaming Machine, Sterling Games, The Toy Network, Unicorn Products, Gigliodoro, Lagoon Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Noris Spiele, LuduScience, Golden, Invicta Games, Creative Crafthouse, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pendleton, Planet Finska, L. P. Septímio, Silk Cut, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Selchow & Righter, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, Marlboro, Ludens Planet, WHSmith, Pintoy, House of Marbles, Vennerød Forlag AS, Editions ATLAS, Juegos Ya S.L., (Unknown), Schou, The Purple Cow, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Diset S. A., Blatz, Neroulia, M Petrushkin, Inovac Rima SA, K.E.Leg, National Novelty Corp., American Express, Berliner Spielkarten, S & E, Galleryplay, Gamut of Games, Cathay, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Schmidt International, IRWIN Games, Hasbro, John Sands Pty Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Marigó, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pleasantime Games, (Self-Published), Regionalia Verlag GmbH
Designers: (Uncredited)
Artistas: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mecânicas: Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game
Idade Mín.: 8
Jogadores: 2
Editora: 3M, Galison, Gold Medal, Philos, Magnetic Poetry Inc, StirlingFox, Dal Negro, Game Factory, MB Spellen, Origem, The Op Games, Merit, Heyne, ABRA, OPEN'N PLAY, Maxco, Dos Reis, Wood Expressions, Schmidt France, Gammon Games, Croner, Pin International, Peri Spiele, Cardinal, Basic Fun, Inc., Gibsons, Bello Games New York, Inc., MB Spiele, Carlit, Tactic, Estrela, Super Accord, Top Mark, Wild & Wolf, Chadwick Miller Inc., Reiss Games, Ravensburger, RoseArt, Harlekin, Spear's Games, Arrow Games Ltd, F.X. Schmid, Klee, Piatnik, Węgiel, El Greco, Pavilion, John Jaques of London, Smethport Specialty Co., Ramsons, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Fame Products, Zontik Games, Søstrene Grene, Sladecolour Board Games, Oriental Trading Company, Mitra, Square Root Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Westside Fun Games, Crisloid, Hector Saxe, Waddingtons, play time, Otto Maier Verlag, Classic Toys, Majora, Alga, CHH Games, Masters Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Saitek, HEMA, (Public Domain), Halsall, nestorgames, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., House Martin, Ghisò, Jumbo, Fundex, Cayro, The Games, Brio AB, HABA, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Bisonte, Poolmaster, Daells Varehus, Whitman, Skor-Mor, Glevum Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Kingstone International, Palet spil, Dilemma Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Friendly Games, Inc., Milton Bradley, Deuce, Western Publishing Company, Pelikan, Joker, Matsui Gaming Machine, Sterling Games, The Toy Network, Unicorn Products, Gigliodoro, Lagoon Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Noris Spiele, LuduScience, Golden, Invicta Games, Creative Crafthouse, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pendleton, Planet Finska, L. P. Septímio, Silk Cut, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Selchow & Righter, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, Marlboro, Ludens Planet, WHSmith, Pintoy, House of Marbles, Vennerød Forlag AS, Editions ATLAS, Juegos Ya S.L., (Unknown), Schou, The Purple Cow, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Diset S. A., Blatz, Neroulia, M Petrushkin, Inovac Rima SA, K.E.Leg, National Novelty Corp., American Express, Berliner Spielkarten, S & E, Galleryplay, Gamut of Games, Cathay, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Schmidt International, IRWIN Games, Hasbro, John Sands Pty Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Marigó, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pleasantime Games, (Self-Published), Regionalia Verlag GmbH
Designers: (Uncredited)
Artistas: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mecânicas: Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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