Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: IRWIN Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Saitek, Marlboro, Schmidt International, Cardinal, Galleryplay, The Op Games, Marigó, Creative Crafthouse, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Wood Expressions, Søstrene Grene, Ramsons, (Self-Published), L. P. Septímio, Ariel Productions Ltd, ABRA, Kingstone International, Diset S. A., Golden, The Purple Cow, Jumbo, F.X. Schmid, Westside Fun Games, Noris Spiele, John Jaques of London, Heyne, Editions ATLAS, Masters Games, WHSmith, Bisonte, Dino Toys s. r. o., Bello Games New York, Inc., Joker, RoseArt, M Petrushkin, Schmidt France, Hasbro, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Classic Toys, Reiss Games, Top Mark, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Origem, nestorgames, Whitman, Cayro, The Games, Hector Saxe, Schou, Gigliodoro, Skor-Mor, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Waddingtons, Piatnik, MB Spiele, HEMA, Matsui Gaming Machine, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Crisloid, Editrice Giochi, Basic Fun, Inc., Dilemma Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Wild & Wolf, Berliner Spielkarten, Maxco, Sladecolour Board Games, Pendleton, Palet spil, Inovac Rima SA, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Silk Cut, Carlit, Brio AB, Smethport Specialty Co., Fundex, Pelikan, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Milton Bradley, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Pressman Toy Corp., Dal Negro, Tactic, Invicta Games, Ravensburger, (Public Domain), Selchow & Righter, Mitra, Square Root Games, Schmidt Spiele, play time, Chad Valley Co Ltd., House of Marbles, Blatz, Otto Maier Verlag, LuduScience, Halsall, Gammon Games, Klee, Gamut of Games, The Toy Network, Sterling Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Alga, Game Factory, HABA, Neroulia, S & E, Pleasantime Games, Harlekin, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, National Novelty Corp., K.E.Leg, Gibsons, Oriental Trading Company, Cathay, Western Publishing Company, 3M, Majora, Spear's Games, Pavilion, Fame Products, American Express, Super Accord, Lagoon Games, Węgiel, StirlingFox, Arrow Games Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., House Martin, Croner, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pintoy, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Estrela, Ghisò, CHH Games, Unicorn Products, MB Spellen, Pin International, Glevum Games, Zontik Games, Philos, Galison, Poolmaster, Planet Finska, Gold Medal, Merit, Peri Spiele, Daells Varehus, Deuce, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Chadwick Miller Inc., Dos Reis, Juegos Ya S.L., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Ludens Planet, El Greco, OPEN'N PLAY, (Unknown)
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Track Movement
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: IRWIN Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Saitek, Marlboro, Schmidt International, Cardinal, Galleryplay, The Op Games, Marigó, Creative Crafthouse, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Wood Expressions, Søstrene Grene, Ramsons, (Self-Published), L. P. Septímio, Ariel Productions Ltd, ABRA, Kingstone International, Diset S. A., Golden, The Purple Cow, Jumbo, F.X. Schmid, Westside Fun Games, Noris Spiele, John Jaques of London, Heyne, Editions ATLAS, Masters Games, WHSmith, Bisonte, Dino Toys s. r. o., Bello Games New York, Inc., Joker, RoseArt, M Petrushkin, Schmidt France, Hasbro, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Classic Toys, Reiss Games, Top Mark, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Origem, nestorgames, Whitman, Cayro, The Games, Hector Saxe, Schou, Gigliodoro, Skor-Mor, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Waddingtons, Piatnik, MB Spiele, HEMA, Matsui Gaming Machine, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Crisloid, Editrice Giochi, Basic Fun, Inc., Dilemma Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Wild & Wolf, Berliner Spielkarten, Maxco, Sladecolour Board Games, Pendleton, Palet spil, Inovac Rima SA, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Silk Cut, Carlit, Brio AB, Smethport Specialty Co., Fundex, Pelikan, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Milton Bradley, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Pressman Toy Corp., Dal Negro, Tactic, Invicta Games, Ravensburger, (Public Domain), Selchow & Righter, Mitra, Square Root Games, Schmidt Spiele, play time, Chad Valley Co Ltd., House of Marbles, Blatz, Otto Maier Verlag, LuduScience, Halsall, Gammon Games, Klee, Gamut of Games, The Toy Network, Sterling Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Alga, Game Factory, HABA, Neroulia, S & E, Pleasantime Games, Harlekin, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, National Novelty Corp., K.E.Leg, Gibsons, Oriental Trading Company, Cathay, Western Publishing Company, 3M, Majora, Spear's Games, Pavilion, Fame Products, American Express, Super Accord, Lagoon Games, Węgiel, StirlingFox, Arrow Games Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., House Martin, Croner, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pintoy, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Estrela, Ghisò, CHH Games, Unicorn Products, MB Spellen, Pin International, Glevum Games, Zontik Games, Philos, Galison, Poolmaster, Planet Finska, Gold Medal, Merit, Peri Spiele, Daells Varehus, Deuce, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Chadwick Miller Inc., Dos Reis, Juegos Ya S.L., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Ludens Planet, El Greco, OPEN'N PLAY, (Unknown)
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Track Movement
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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