Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Diset S. A., American Express, Glevum Games, Spear's Games, MB Spiele, (Unknown), Cayro, The Games, RoseArt, Arrow Games Ltd, Hector Saxe, Ariel Productions Ltd, Western Publishing Company, Square Root Games, The Toy Network, HEMA, Silk Cut, Ravensburger, Gammon Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Philos, Pendleton, Maxco, Milton Bradley, John Jaques of London, John Sands Pty Ltd, Schou, Top Mark, The Op Games, Creative Crafthouse, Dal Negro, Daells Varehus, Game Factory, OPEN'N PLAY, Ghisò, Ramsons, Joker, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Noris Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Juegos Ya S.L., K.E.Leg, Inovac Rima SA, Pleasantime Games, HABA, ABRA, Golden, Schmidt International, Tactic, L. P. Septímio, nestorgames, Waddingtons, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dilemma Games, Blatz, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Selchow & Righter, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dos Reis, El Greco, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Origem, Poolmaster, (Self-Published), (Public Domain), Hasbro, National Novelty Corp., Crisloid, Galleryplay, Gigliodoro, LuduScience, P:OS Handels GmbH, Gold Medal, Galison, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Oriental Trading Company, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Smethport Specialty Co., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, Estrela, Alga, Deuce, Heyne, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Neroulia, Bisonte, Fame Products, Vennerød Forlag AS, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Fundex, Ludens Planet, Wood Expressions, Søstrene Grene, Kingstone International, Carlit, Westside Fun Games, Jumbo, Saitek, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Schmidt France, Merit, Pin International, Berliner Spielkarten, Majora, MB Spellen, Brio AB, Marlboro, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Wild & Wolf, IRWIN Games, play time, House Martin, Palet spil, S & E, Friendly Games, Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Editrice Giochi, Otto Maier Verlag, M Petrushkin, Pelikan, Węgiel, Sterling Games, Marigó, Harlekin, Lagoon Games, Super Accord, F.X. Schmid, StirlingFox, Chadwick Miller Inc., The Purple Cow, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Gibsons, Gamut of Games, Klee, Pressman Toy Corp., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Piatnik, WHSmith, Mitra, Pavilion, Classic Toys, Peri Spiele, Whitman, Planet Finska, Invicta Games, House of Marbles, Halsall, Skor-Mor, Croner, Editions ATLAS, Unicorn Products, Masters Games, 3M, Reiss Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Pintoy, Bello Games New York, Inc., CHH Games, Cathay, Cardinal, Schmidt Spiele
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Diset S. A., American Express, Glevum Games, Spear's Games, MB Spiele, (Unknown), Cayro, The Games, RoseArt, Arrow Games Ltd, Hector Saxe, Ariel Productions Ltd, Western Publishing Company, Square Root Games, The Toy Network, HEMA, Silk Cut, Ravensburger, Gammon Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Philos, Pendleton, Maxco, Milton Bradley, John Jaques of London, John Sands Pty Ltd, Schou, Top Mark, The Op Games, Creative Crafthouse, Dal Negro, Daells Varehus, Game Factory, OPEN'N PLAY, Ghisò, Ramsons, Joker, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Noris Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Juegos Ya S.L., K.E.Leg, Inovac Rima SA, Pleasantime Games, HABA, ABRA, Golden, Schmidt International, Tactic, L. P. Septímio, nestorgames, Waddingtons, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dilemma Games, Blatz, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Selchow & Righter, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dos Reis, El Greco, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Origem, Poolmaster, (Self-Published), (Public Domain), Hasbro, National Novelty Corp., Crisloid, Galleryplay, Gigliodoro, LuduScience, P:OS Handels GmbH, Gold Medal, Galison, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Oriental Trading Company, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Smethport Specialty Co., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, Estrela, Alga, Deuce, Heyne, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Neroulia, Bisonte, Fame Products, Vennerød Forlag AS, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Fundex, Ludens Planet, Wood Expressions, Søstrene Grene, Kingstone International, Carlit, Westside Fun Games, Jumbo, Saitek, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Schmidt France, Merit, Pin International, Berliner Spielkarten, Majora, MB Spellen, Brio AB, Marlboro, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Wild & Wolf, IRWIN Games, play time, House Martin, Palet spil, S & E, Friendly Games, Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Editrice Giochi, Otto Maier Verlag, M Petrushkin, Pelikan, Węgiel, Sterling Games, Marigó, Harlekin, Lagoon Games, Super Accord, F.X. Schmid, StirlingFox, Chadwick Miller Inc., The Purple Cow, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Gibsons, Gamut of Games, Klee, Pressman Toy Corp., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Piatnik, WHSmith, Mitra, Pavilion, Classic Toys, Peri Spiele, Whitman, Planet Finska, Invicta Games, House of Marbles, Halsall, Skor-Mor, Croner, Editions ATLAS, Unicorn Products, Masters Games, 3M, Reiss Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Pintoy, Bello Games New York, Inc., CHH Games, Cathay, Cardinal, Schmidt Spiele
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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