Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: (Self-Published), Pressman Toy Corp., 3M, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Whitman, Gibsons, Klee, OPEN'N PLAY, Piatnik, Saitek, MB Spiele, Zontik Games, F.X. Schmid, Philos, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Cardinal, P:OS Handels GmbH, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Schmidt International, Editrice Giochi, Masters Games, Galison, Estrela, Ariel Productions Ltd, The Toy Network, Invicta Games, Creative Crafthouse, Peri Spiele, Sterling Games, S & E, Matsui Gaming Machine, CHH Games, HABA, Dilemma Games, Maxco, Pintoy, Dos Reis, Węgiel, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schmidt Spiele, StirlingFox, John Sands Pty Ltd, HEMA, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Wild & Wolf, LuduScience, Merit, Otto Maier Verlag, Unicorn Products, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Super Accord, Fame Products, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Golden, Gamut of Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Cathay, Blatz, Schou, Smethport Specialty Co., Pleasantime Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Diset S. A., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, play time, MB Spellen, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Oriental Trading Company, John Jaques of London, Reiss Games, Inovac Rima SA, Jumbo, Cayro, The Games, Dal Negro, Harlekin, M Petrushkin, Galleryplay, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, House Martin, Westside Fun Games, El Greco, Crisloid, Ghisò, The Purple Cow, Daells Varehus, The Op Games, Pavilion, Halsall, Noris Spiele, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), (Public Domain), Neroulia, Pelikan, Skor-Mor, Silk Cut, Gold Medal, Spear's Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Hector Saxe, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Carlit, Poolmaster, Brio AB, Heyne, Berliner Spielkarten, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Palet spil, Marigó, National Novelty Corp., Ravensburger, Top Mark, Vennerød Forlag AS, Origem, nestorgames, Ludens Planet, Friendly Games, Inc., Fundex, Dino Toys s. r. o., Tactic, Selchow & Righter, Planet Finska, ABRA, (Unknown), Waddingtons, Pendleton, Croner, K.E.Leg, Bisonte, Juegos Ya S.L., RoseArt, Gigliodoro, Søstrene Grene, Wood Expressions, Marlboro, Bello Games New York, Inc., Majora, Alga, Lagoon Games, Classic Toys, Schmidt France, Sladecolour Board Games, Gammon Games, Mitra, Joker, Western Publishing Company, Square Root Games, Hasbro, Ramsons, Glevum Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., American Express, L. P. Septímio, Deuce, Kingstone International, WHSmith, Editions ATLAS, Basic Fun, Inc., IRWIN Games, Milton Bradley, Pin International, House of Marbles, Game Factory
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Race
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: (Self-Published), Pressman Toy Corp., 3M, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Whitman, Gibsons, Klee, OPEN'N PLAY, Piatnik, Saitek, MB Spiele, Zontik Games, F.X. Schmid, Philos, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Cardinal, P:OS Handels GmbH, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Schmidt International, Editrice Giochi, Masters Games, Galison, Estrela, Ariel Productions Ltd, The Toy Network, Invicta Games, Creative Crafthouse, Peri Spiele, Sterling Games, S & E, Matsui Gaming Machine, CHH Games, HABA, Dilemma Games, Maxco, Pintoy, Dos Reis, Węgiel, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schmidt Spiele, StirlingFox, John Sands Pty Ltd, HEMA, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Wild & Wolf, LuduScience, Merit, Otto Maier Verlag, Unicorn Products, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Super Accord, Fame Products, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Golden, Gamut of Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Cathay, Blatz, Schou, Smethport Specialty Co., Pleasantime Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Diset S. A., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, play time, MB Spellen, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Oriental Trading Company, John Jaques of London, Reiss Games, Inovac Rima SA, Jumbo, Cayro, The Games, Dal Negro, Harlekin, M Petrushkin, Galleryplay, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, House Martin, Westside Fun Games, El Greco, Crisloid, Ghisò, The Purple Cow, Daells Varehus, The Op Games, Pavilion, Halsall, Noris Spiele, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), (Public Domain), Neroulia, Pelikan, Skor-Mor, Silk Cut, Gold Medal, Spear's Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Hector Saxe, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Carlit, Poolmaster, Brio AB, Heyne, Berliner Spielkarten, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Palet spil, Marigó, National Novelty Corp., Ravensburger, Top Mark, Vennerød Forlag AS, Origem, nestorgames, Ludens Planet, Friendly Games, Inc., Fundex, Dino Toys s. r. o., Tactic, Selchow & Righter, Planet Finska, ABRA, (Unknown), Waddingtons, Pendleton, Croner, K.E.Leg, Bisonte, Juegos Ya S.L., RoseArt, Gigliodoro, Søstrene Grene, Wood Expressions, Marlboro, Bello Games New York, Inc., Majora, Alga, Lagoon Games, Classic Toys, Schmidt France, Sladecolour Board Games, Gammon Games, Mitra, Joker, Western Publishing Company, Square Root Games, Hasbro, Ramsons, Glevum Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., American Express, L. P. Septímio, Deuce, Kingstone International, WHSmith, Editions ATLAS, Basic Fun, Inc., IRWIN Games, Milton Bradley, Pin International, House of Marbles, Game Factory
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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