Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: House of Marbles, Majora, Friendly Games, Inc., Estrela, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Mitra, S & E, HABA, Ghisò, WHSmith, Spear's Games, Deuce, Editions ATLAS, Inovac Rima SA, Joker, Alga, Merit, Vennerød Forlag AS, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Top Mark, CHH Games, Skor-Mor, Cardinal, nestorgames, play time, Søstrene Grene, Węgiel, Planet Finska, Gibsons, Juegos Ya S.L., Square Root Games, National Novelty Corp., The Purple Cow, Halsall, HEMA, House Martin, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, El Greco, Super Accord, Smethport Specialty Co., Western Publishing Company, 3M, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Noris Spiele, Schmidt France, F.X. Schmid, Editrice Giochi, Fundex, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Classic Toys, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, IRWIN Games, LuduScience, Hasbro, ABRA, Waddingtons, Golden, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Marigó, Ariel Productions Ltd, Tactic, Oriental Trading Company, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ravensburger, Pleasantime Games, Maxco, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Palet spil, Schmidt Spiele, Fame Products, (Self-Published), Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pavilion, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Peri Spiele, Galleryplay, Neroulia, Daells Varehus, Unicorn Products, Pintoy, Hector Saxe, Westside Fun Games, Pendleton, Sterling Games, Heyne, The Op Games, StirlingFox, Lagoon Games, (Public Domain), Carlit, Creative Crafthouse, Dal Negro, Blatz, K.E.Leg, Marlboro, Zontik Games, Sladecolour Board Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Poolmaster, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Wood Expressions, The Toy Network, Saitek, Arrow Games Ltd, Magnetic Poetry Inc, John Sands Pty Ltd, John Jaques of London, Dino Toys s. r. o., Gigliodoro, RoseArt, Diset S. A., Gammon Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., L. P. Septímio, Dilemma Games, Cathay, Jumbo, Berliner Spielkarten, (Unknown), Ramsons, Wild & Wolf, Piatnik, Crisloid, Whitman, Silk Cut, Matsui Gaming Machine, Cayro, The Games, Pin International, OPEN'N PLAY, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Reiss Games, Invicta Games, Galison, Harlekin, Philos, P:OS Handels GmbH, Gold Medal, MB Spiele, Pressman Toy Corp., M Petrushkin, MB Spellen, Schmidt International, American Express, Brio AB, Schou, Dos Reis, Milton Bradley, Croner, Selchow & Righter, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Game Factory, Origem, Masters Games, Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Bisonte, Klee, Pelikan, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Kingstone International, Otto Maier Verlag, Gamut of Games, Basic Fun, Inc.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Roll / Spin and Move
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: House of Marbles, Majora, Friendly Games, Inc., Estrela, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Mitra, S & E, HABA, Ghisò, WHSmith, Spear's Games, Deuce, Editions ATLAS, Inovac Rima SA, Joker, Alga, Merit, Vennerød Forlag AS, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Top Mark, CHH Games, Skor-Mor, Cardinal, nestorgames, play time, Søstrene Grene, Węgiel, Planet Finska, Gibsons, Juegos Ya S.L., Square Root Games, National Novelty Corp., The Purple Cow, Halsall, HEMA, House Martin, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, El Greco, Super Accord, Smethport Specialty Co., Western Publishing Company, 3M, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Noris Spiele, Schmidt France, F.X. Schmid, Editrice Giochi, Fundex, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Classic Toys, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, IRWIN Games, LuduScience, Hasbro, ABRA, Waddingtons, Golden, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Marigó, Ariel Productions Ltd, Tactic, Oriental Trading Company, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ravensburger, Pleasantime Games, Maxco, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Palet spil, Schmidt Spiele, Fame Products, (Self-Published), Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pavilion, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Peri Spiele, Galleryplay, Neroulia, Daells Varehus, Unicorn Products, Pintoy, Hector Saxe, Westside Fun Games, Pendleton, Sterling Games, Heyne, The Op Games, StirlingFox, Lagoon Games, (Public Domain), Carlit, Creative Crafthouse, Dal Negro, Blatz, K.E.Leg, Marlboro, Zontik Games, Sladecolour Board Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Poolmaster, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Wood Expressions, The Toy Network, Saitek, Arrow Games Ltd, Magnetic Poetry Inc, John Sands Pty Ltd, John Jaques of London, Dino Toys s. r. o., Gigliodoro, RoseArt, Diset S. A., Gammon Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., L. P. Septímio, Dilemma Games, Cathay, Jumbo, Berliner Spielkarten, (Unknown), Ramsons, Wild & Wolf, Piatnik, Crisloid, Whitman, Silk Cut, Matsui Gaming Machine, Cayro, The Games, Pin International, OPEN'N PLAY, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Reiss Games, Invicta Games, Galison, Harlekin, Philos, P:OS Handels GmbH, Gold Medal, MB Spiele, Pressman Toy Corp., M Petrushkin, MB Spellen, Schmidt International, American Express, Brio AB, Schou, Dos Reis, Milton Bradley, Croner, Selchow & Righter, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Game Factory, Origem, Masters Games, Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Bisonte, Klee, Pelikan, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Kingstone International, Otto Maier Verlag, Gamut of Games, Basic Fun, Inc.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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