Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Harlekin, Brio AB, Hasbro, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Juegos Ya S.L., Dilemma Games, Fundex, Poolmaster, Milton Bradley, Dos Reis, S & E, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Mitra, Game Factory, F.X. Schmid, Cardinal, MB Spiele, Gamut of Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Skor-Mor, El Greco, (Self-Published), Ramsons, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schou, Smethport Specialty Co., Sterling Games, Cayro, The Games, 3M, Ghisò, Unicorn Products, Heyne, Lagoon Games, Friendly Games, Inc., LuduScience, Schmidt Spiele, Glevum Games, Kingstone International, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Dal Negro, ABRA, Invicta Games, Saitek, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Basic Fun, Inc., Westside Fun Games, RoseArt, Oriental Trading Company, Fame Products, Daells Varehus, Klee, National Novelty Corp., L. P. Septímio, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., MB Spellen, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Søstrene Grene, (Public Domain), Waddingtons, Alga, Gold Medal, The Op Games, Editrice Giochi, Reiss Games, Pelikan, Majora, Tactic, Western Publishing Company, Arrow Games Ltd, Silk Cut, HEMA, StirlingFox, Merit, Berliner Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, HABA, Top Mark, Whitman, Hector Saxe, Neroulia, Wood Expressions, Schmidt International, Masters Games, Schmidt France, Joker, John Jaques of London, Sladecolour Board Games, Wild & Wolf, CHH Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Square Root Games, Ravensburger, Halsall, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Spear's Games, Classic Toys, play time, The Purple Cow, Planet Finska, Pavilion, nestorgames, Super Accord, Maxco, Palet spil, Blatz, Origem, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, (Unknown), Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), House Martin, OPEN'N PLAY, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., IRWIN Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pendleton, Marigó, Gigliodoro, Croner, House of Marbles, Editions ATLAS, Pintoy, Ariel Productions Ltd, Dino Toys s. r. o., The Toy Network, Pressman Toy Corp., Pin International, Diset S. A., Zontik Games, Inovac Rima SA, Peri Spiele, Otto Maier Verlag, Bisonte, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Vennerød Forlag AS, Piatnik, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Bello Games New York, Inc., Crisloid, M Petrushkin, Węgiel, Matsui Gaming Machine, Gammon Games, K.E.Leg, Philos, Pleasantime Games, Galison, Gibsons, American Express, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), WHSmith, Cathay, Ludens Planet, Golden, P:OS Handels GmbH, Chadwick Miller Inc., Estrela, Deuce, Noris Spiele, Selchow & Righter, Carlit, Jumbo, Marlboro, Galleryplay
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Track Movement, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Harlekin, Brio AB, Hasbro, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Juegos Ya S.L., Dilemma Games, Fundex, Poolmaster, Milton Bradley, Dos Reis, S & E, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Mitra, Game Factory, F.X. Schmid, Cardinal, MB Spiele, Gamut of Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Skor-Mor, El Greco, (Self-Published), Ramsons, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schou, Smethport Specialty Co., Sterling Games, Cayro, The Games, 3M, Ghisò, Unicorn Products, Heyne, Lagoon Games, Friendly Games, Inc., LuduScience, Schmidt Spiele, Glevum Games, Kingstone International, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Dal Negro, ABRA, Invicta Games, Saitek, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Basic Fun, Inc., Westside Fun Games, RoseArt, Oriental Trading Company, Fame Products, Daells Varehus, Klee, National Novelty Corp., L. P. Septímio, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., MB Spellen, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Søstrene Grene, (Public Domain), Waddingtons, Alga, Gold Medal, The Op Games, Editrice Giochi, Reiss Games, Pelikan, Majora, Tactic, Western Publishing Company, Arrow Games Ltd, Silk Cut, HEMA, StirlingFox, Merit, Berliner Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, HABA, Top Mark, Whitman, Hector Saxe, Neroulia, Wood Expressions, Schmidt International, Masters Games, Schmidt France, Joker, John Jaques of London, Sladecolour Board Games, Wild & Wolf, CHH Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Square Root Games, Ravensburger, Halsall, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Spear's Games, Classic Toys, play time, The Purple Cow, Planet Finska, Pavilion, nestorgames, Super Accord, Maxco, Palet spil, Blatz, Origem, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, (Unknown), Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), House Martin, OPEN'N PLAY, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., IRWIN Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pendleton, Marigó, Gigliodoro, Croner, House of Marbles, Editions ATLAS, Pintoy, Ariel Productions Ltd, Dino Toys s. r. o., The Toy Network, Pressman Toy Corp., Pin International, Diset S. A., Zontik Games, Inovac Rima SA, Peri Spiele, Otto Maier Verlag, Bisonte, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Vennerød Forlag AS, Piatnik, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Bello Games New York, Inc., Crisloid, M Petrushkin, Węgiel, Matsui Gaming Machine, Gammon Games, K.E.Leg, Philos, Pleasantime Games, Galison, Gibsons, American Express, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), WHSmith, Cathay, Ludens Planet, Golden, P:OS Handels GmbH, Chadwick Miller Inc., Estrela, Deuce, Noris Spiele, Selchow & Righter, Carlit, Jumbo, Marlboro, Galleryplay
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Track Movement, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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