Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Croner, Fame Products, S & E, Galleryplay, El Greco, Pintoy, Joker, Węgiel, Square Root Games, HEMA, Fundex, Classic Toys, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Basic Fun, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Pavilion, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Whitman, Alga, Zontik Games, Mitra, Philos, Ludens Planet, Diset S. A., Dal Negro, Bisonte, WHSmith, Majora, Westside Fun Games, Cathay, Kingstone International, Top Mark, IRWIN Games, (Unknown), Deuce, Merit, Planet Finska, Editrice Giochi, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Estrela, Schou, Palet spil, Marigó, K.E.Leg, Heyne, Vennerød Forlag AS, StirlingFox, Schmidt France, HABA, Gigliodoro, Unicorn Products, Pressman Toy Corp., Berliner Spielkarten, nestorgames, Blatz, Chadwick Miller Inc., Western Publishing Company, Gamut of Games, Ravensburger, Cayro, The Games, Pelikan, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Smethport Specialty Co., Carlit, House Martin, Spear's Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Super Accord, Origem, Saitek, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Silk Cut, Jumbo, 3M, play time, MB Spiele, Dino Toys s. r. o., John Sands Pty Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, L. P. Septímio, Ghisò, American Express, Sterling Games, Oriental Trading Company, P:OS Handels GmbH, Wild & Wolf, Gammon Games, ABRA, Gibsons, Maxco, Bello Games New York, Inc., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Reiss Games, Schmidt Spiele, Marlboro, Game Factory, Brio AB, Halsall, John Jaques of London, Dilemma Games, Golden, Editions ATLAS, Pin International, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wood Expressions, Waddingtons, National Novelty Corp., Lagoon Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Hasbro, OPEN'N PLAY, Pleasantime Games, Creative Crafthouse, House of Marbles, Daells Varehus, Invicta Games, Søstrene Grene, Peri Spiele, Milton Bradley, Sladecolour Board Games, Piatnik, Neroulia, Klee, Hector Saxe, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Inovac Rima SA, Poolmaster, M Petrushkin, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Matsui Gaming Machine, The Purple Cow, Pendleton, CHH Games, Noris Spiele, Glevum Games, (Public Domain), Selchow & Righter, Ramsons, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Gold Medal, Harlekin, Schmidt International, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Chad Valley Co Ltd., RoseArt, Masters Games, Arrow Games Ltd, LuduScience, Skor-Mor, The Toy Network, Crisloid, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Tactic, Juegos Ya S.L., (Self-Published), Galison, Dos Reis, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Cardinal, Friendly Games, Inc., MB Spellen, The Op Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture, Track Movement, Dice Rolling
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Croner, Fame Products, S & E, Galleryplay, El Greco, Pintoy, Joker, Węgiel, Square Root Games, HEMA, Fundex, Classic Toys, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Basic Fun, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Pavilion, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Whitman, Alga, Zontik Games, Mitra, Philos, Ludens Planet, Diset S. A., Dal Negro, Bisonte, WHSmith, Majora, Westside Fun Games, Cathay, Kingstone International, Top Mark, IRWIN Games, (Unknown), Deuce, Merit, Planet Finska, Editrice Giochi, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Estrela, Schou, Palet spil, Marigó, K.E.Leg, Heyne, Vennerød Forlag AS, StirlingFox, Schmidt France, HABA, Gigliodoro, Unicorn Products, Pressman Toy Corp., Berliner Spielkarten, nestorgames, Blatz, Chadwick Miller Inc., Western Publishing Company, Gamut of Games, Ravensburger, Cayro, The Games, Pelikan, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Smethport Specialty Co., Carlit, House Martin, Spear's Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Super Accord, Origem, Saitek, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Silk Cut, Jumbo, 3M, play time, MB Spiele, Dino Toys s. r. o., John Sands Pty Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, L. P. Septímio, Ghisò, American Express, Sterling Games, Oriental Trading Company, P:OS Handels GmbH, Wild & Wolf, Gammon Games, ABRA, Gibsons, Maxco, Bello Games New York, Inc., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Reiss Games, Schmidt Spiele, Marlboro, Game Factory, Brio AB, Halsall, John Jaques of London, Dilemma Games, Golden, Editions ATLAS, Pin International, Ariel Productions Ltd, Wood Expressions, Waddingtons, National Novelty Corp., Lagoon Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Hasbro, OPEN'N PLAY, Pleasantime Games, Creative Crafthouse, House of Marbles, Daells Varehus, Invicta Games, Søstrene Grene, Peri Spiele, Milton Bradley, Sladecolour Board Games, Piatnik, Neroulia, Klee, Hector Saxe, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Inovac Rima SA, Poolmaster, M Petrushkin, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Matsui Gaming Machine, The Purple Cow, Pendleton, CHH Games, Noris Spiele, Glevum Games, (Public Domain), Selchow & Righter, Ramsons, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Gold Medal, Harlekin, Schmidt International, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Chad Valley Co Ltd., RoseArt, Masters Games, Arrow Games Ltd, LuduScience, Skor-Mor, The Toy Network, Crisloid, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Tactic, Juegos Ya S.L., (Self-Published), Galison, Dos Reis, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Cardinal, Friendly Games, Inc., MB Spellen, The Op Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture, Track Movement, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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