Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Juegos Ya S.L., Dino Toys s. r. o., House Martin, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Klee, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., CHH Games, Gold Medal, House of Marbles, Hector Saxe, Pin International, L. P. Septímio, Pelikan, Hasbro, ABRA, HEMA, Ariel Productions Ltd, WHSmith, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Spear's Games, Square Root Games, Noris Spiele, Glevum Games, Classic Toys, Lagoon Games, Saitek, Arrow Games Ltd, MB Spiele, Schmidt International, Joker, Matsui Gaming Machine, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, (Self-Published), National Novelty Corp., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Planet Finska, Majora, play time, American Express, El Greco, RoseArt, StirlingFox, Blatz, Merit, Invicta Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Estrela, Galleryplay, F.X. Schmid, Maxco, Top Mark, Wild & Wolf, Kingstone International, M Petrushkin, Masters Games, Gibsons, Daells Varehus, Skor-Mor, Dos Reis, Gigliodoro, Oriental Trading Company, Schmidt France, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Schou, Deuce, 3M, Schmidt Spiele, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Węgiel, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Neroulia, The Op Games, Cathay, (Public Domain), IRWIN Games, K.E.Leg, Golden, Creative Crafthouse, Wood Expressions, Editrice Giochi, Milton Bradley, Silk Cut, Bisonte, Dal Negro, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Ravensburger, Sterling Games, LuduScience, Marigó, Sladecolour Board Games, Palet spil, (Unknown), Cayro, The Games, Alga, Crisloid, Pavilion, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, HABA, John Jaques of London, Brio AB, Diset S. A., Dilemma Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, nestorgames, Fundex, Pleasantime Games, Tactic, Piatnik, Super Accord, Unicorn Products, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Galison, MB Spellen, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Halsall, Ramsons, Pintoy, Marlboro, Waddingtons, Inovac Rima SA, Heyne, Chadwick Miller Inc., Poolmaster, Smethport Specialty Co., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Origem, Harlekin, S & E, Jumbo, Bello Games New York, Inc., Fame Products, Whitman, The Purple Cow, Otto Maier Verlag, Gamut of Games, Peri Spiele, The Toy Network, Game Factory, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Reiss Games, OPEN'N PLAY, P:OS Handels GmbH, Editions ATLAS, Friendly Games, Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Pendleton, Croner, Søstrene Grene, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Zontik Games, Philos, Pressman Toy Corp., Westside Fun Games, Mitra, Carlit, Cardinal, Ludens Planet, Berliner Spielkarten, Ghisò, Western Publishing Company, Gammon Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Selchow & Righter
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Race
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Juegos Ya S.L., Dino Toys s. r. o., House Martin, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Klee, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., CHH Games, Gold Medal, House of Marbles, Hector Saxe, Pin International, L. P. Septímio, Pelikan, Hasbro, ABRA, HEMA, Ariel Productions Ltd, WHSmith, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Spear's Games, Square Root Games, Noris Spiele, Glevum Games, Classic Toys, Lagoon Games, Saitek, Arrow Games Ltd, MB Spiele, Schmidt International, Joker, Matsui Gaming Machine, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, (Self-Published), National Novelty Corp., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Planet Finska, Majora, play time, American Express, El Greco, RoseArt, StirlingFox, Blatz, Merit, Invicta Games, John Sands Pty Ltd, Estrela, Galleryplay, F.X. Schmid, Maxco, Top Mark, Wild & Wolf, Kingstone International, M Petrushkin, Masters Games, Gibsons, Daells Varehus, Skor-Mor, Dos Reis, Gigliodoro, Oriental Trading Company, Schmidt France, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Schou, Deuce, 3M, Schmidt Spiele, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Węgiel, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Neroulia, The Op Games, Cathay, (Public Domain), IRWIN Games, K.E.Leg, Golden, Creative Crafthouse, Wood Expressions, Editrice Giochi, Milton Bradley, Silk Cut, Bisonte, Dal Negro, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Ravensburger, Sterling Games, LuduScience, Marigó, Sladecolour Board Games, Palet spil, (Unknown), Cayro, The Games, Alga, Crisloid, Pavilion, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, HABA, John Jaques of London, Brio AB, Diset S. A., Dilemma Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, nestorgames, Fundex, Pleasantime Games, Tactic, Piatnik, Super Accord, Unicorn Products, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Galison, MB Spellen, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Halsall, Ramsons, Pintoy, Marlboro, Waddingtons, Inovac Rima SA, Heyne, Chadwick Miller Inc., Poolmaster, Smethport Specialty Co., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Origem, Harlekin, S & E, Jumbo, Bello Games New York, Inc., Fame Products, Whitman, The Purple Cow, Otto Maier Verlag, Gamut of Games, Peri Spiele, The Toy Network, Game Factory, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Reiss Games, OPEN'N PLAY, P:OS Handels GmbH, Editions ATLAS, Friendly Games, Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Pendleton, Croner, Søstrene Grene, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Zontik Games, Philos, Pressman Toy Corp., Westside Fun Games, Mitra, Carlit, Cardinal, Ludens Planet, Berliner Spielkarten, Ghisò, Western Publishing Company, Gammon Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Selchow & Righter
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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