Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: John N. Hansen Co., Inc., National Novelty Corp., Reiss Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Dos Reis, Węgiel, M Petrushkin, Dilemma Games, Glevum Games, Heyne, Croner, Saitek, Invicta Games, Crisloid, Basic Fun, Inc., Harlekin, P:OS Handels GmbH, Schmidt France, Sladecolour Board Games, Lagoon Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Tactic, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Game Factory, LuduScience, Cathay, (Self-Published), Bello Games New York, Inc., Juegos Ya S.L., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Piatnik, Hasbro, Wild & Wolf, (Public Domain), Hector Saxe, Classic Toys, John Sands Pty Ltd, Pleasantime Games, Schmidt International, John Jaques of London, Klee, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), play time, Inovac Rima SA, Palet spil, Gamut of Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., IRWIN Games, HABA, WHSmith, Waddingtons, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Pendleton, StirlingFox, Gigliodoro, Marigó, nestorgames, Skor-Mor, Joker, MB Spellen, Selchow & Righter, Fundex, Noris Spiele, Neroulia, Square Root Games, Galison, Pelikan, Vennerød Forlag AS, Golden, Unicorn Products, Ariel Productions Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., K.E.Leg, Dal Negro, Friendly Games, Inc., Wood Expressions, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Alga, Top Mark, Super Accord, Dino Toys s. r. o., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Pintoy, Editrice Giochi, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Milton Bradley, American Express, RoseArt, Carlit, Ludens Planet, Estrela, House of Marbles, El Greco, Deuce, (Unknown), Matsui Gaming Machine, Peri Spiele, Ramsons, Galleryplay, CHH Games, Creative Crafthouse, Marlboro, House Martin, Ravensburger, Maxco, OPEN'N PLAY, Origem, Oriental Trading Company, The Toy Network, Schou, Daells Varehus, Sterling Games, L. P. Septímio, Gammon Games, Arrow Games Ltd, The Purple Cow, S & E, F.X. Schmid, Pin International, HEMA, The Op Games, ABRA, Pavilion, Philos, Schmidt Spiele, Zontik Games, Gibsons, Kingstone International, Majora, Gold Medal, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Halsall, Blatz, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Fame Products, Diset S. A., Pressman Toy Corp., Jumbo, Merit, Westside Fun Games, Mitra, Berliner Spielkarten, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Masters Games, Ghisò, Poolmaster, Smethport Specialty Co., Søstrene Grene, Silk Cut, Brio AB, Editions ATLAS, 3M, Bisonte, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Cardinal, Planet Finska, Whitman, Western Publishing Company, Spear's Games, Cayro, The Games, MB Spiele
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Race, Static Capture, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: John N. Hansen Co., Inc., National Novelty Corp., Reiss Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Dos Reis, Węgiel, M Petrushkin, Dilemma Games, Glevum Games, Heyne, Croner, Saitek, Invicta Games, Crisloid, Basic Fun, Inc., Harlekin, P:OS Handels GmbH, Schmidt France, Sladecolour Board Games, Lagoon Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Tactic, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Game Factory, LuduScience, Cathay, (Self-Published), Bello Games New York, Inc., Juegos Ya S.L., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Piatnik, Hasbro, Wild & Wolf, (Public Domain), Hector Saxe, Classic Toys, John Sands Pty Ltd, Pleasantime Games, Schmidt International, John Jaques of London, Klee, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), play time, Inovac Rima SA, Palet spil, Gamut of Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., IRWIN Games, HABA, WHSmith, Waddingtons, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Pendleton, StirlingFox, Gigliodoro, Marigó, nestorgames, Skor-Mor, Joker, MB Spellen, Selchow & Righter, Fundex, Noris Spiele, Neroulia, Square Root Games, Galison, Pelikan, Vennerød Forlag AS, Golden, Unicorn Products, Ariel Productions Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., K.E.Leg, Dal Negro, Friendly Games, Inc., Wood Expressions, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Alga, Top Mark, Super Accord, Dino Toys s. r. o., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Pintoy, Editrice Giochi, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Milton Bradley, American Express, RoseArt, Carlit, Ludens Planet, Estrela, House of Marbles, El Greco, Deuce, (Unknown), Matsui Gaming Machine, Peri Spiele, Ramsons, Galleryplay, CHH Games, Creative Crafthouse, Marlboro, House Martin, Ravensburger, Maxco, OPEN'N PLAY, Origem, Oriental Trading Company, The Toy Network, Schou, Daells Varehus, Sterling Games, L. P. Septímio, Gammon Games, Arrow Games Ltd, The Purple Cow, S & E, F.X. Schmid, Pin International, HEMA, The Op Games, ABRA, Pavilion, Philos, Schmidt Spiele, Zontik Games, Gibsons, Kingstone International, Majora, Gold Medal, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Halsall, Blatz, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Fame Products, Diset S. A., Pressman Toy Corp., Jumbo, Merit, Westside Fun Games, Mitra, Berliner Spielkarten, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Masters Games, Ghisò, Poolmaster, Smethport Specialty Co., Søstrene Grene, Silk Cut, Brio AB, Editions ATLAS, 3M, Bisonte, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Cardinal, Planet Finska, Whitman, Western Publishing Company, Spear's Games, Cayro, The Games, MB Spiele
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Race, Static Capture, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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