Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: (Unknown), Reiss Games, Gigliodoro, Origem, Ramsons, Glevum Games, Daells Varehus, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Juegos Ya S.L., (Public Domain), Sladecolour Board Games, Unicorn Products, Creative Crafthouse, Ravensburger, Harlekin, 3M, F.X. Schmid, Schmidt International, IRWIN Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Pelikan, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Lagoon Games, Skor-Mor, Majora, Dino Toys s. r. o., Vennerød Forlag AS, RoseArt, House of Marbles, P:OS Handels GmbH, Arrow Games Ltd, Alga, The Purple Cow, Schmidt Spiele, The Toy Network, Galleryplay, Planet Finska, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Selchow & Righter, S & E, Wild & Wolf, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Saitek, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., K.E.Leg, Dal Negro, Oriental Trading Company, House Martin, Cathay, OPEN'N PLAY, Klee, Neroulia, (Self-Published), Gammon Games, Wood Expressions, Waddingtons, El Greco, Inovac Rima SA, Whitman, Merit, Zontik Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Søstrene Grene, Pleasantime Games, Marlboro, nestorgames, Blatz, play time, Invicta Games, Cayro, The Games, ABRA, Gibsons, Pin International, Editrice Giochi, John Jaques of London, Masters Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Classic Toys, Matsui Gaming Machine, Milton Bradley, The Op Games, Marigó, Heyne, Dos Reis, Carlit, Węgiel, Westside Fun Games, Top Mark, Bisonte, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Pendleton, Golden, MB Spellen, American Express, Smethport Specialty Co., Pintoy, Berliner Spielkarten, Editions ATLAS, Croner, Philos, Fundex, Noris Spiele, Joker, M Petrushkin, Ludens Planet, Halsall, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Poolmaster, Tactic, Ariel Productions Ltd, Brio AB, Diset S. A., Kingstone International, Chadwick Miller Inc., Friendly Games, Inc., Crisloid, WHSmith, HABA, MB Spiele, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, LuduScience, Fame Products, Jumbo, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dilemma Games, StirlingFox, Galison, Square Root Games, Western Publishing Company, Ghisò, Sterling Games, Mitra, L. P. Septímio, Cardinal, Super Accord, Hector Saxe, Gamut of Games, CHH Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Deuce, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Palet spil, Gold Medal, Game Factory, Maxco, Otto Maier Verlag, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, John Sands Pty Ltd, Spear's Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Pressman Toy Corp., National Novelty Corp., Piatnik, Pavilion, Silk Cut, Bello Games New York, Inc., HEMA, Peri Spiele, Hasbro, Estrela, Schou
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: (Unknown), Reiss Games, Gigliodoro, Origem, Ramsons, Glevum Games, Daells Varehus, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Juegos Ya S.L., (Public Domain), Sladecolour Board Games, Unicorn Products, Creative Crafthouse, Ravensburger, Harlekin, 3M, F.X. Schmid, Schmidt International, IRWIN Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Pelikan, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Lagoon Games, Skor-Mor, Majora, Dino Toys s. r. o., Vennerød Forlag AS, RoseArt, House of Marbles, P:OS Handels GmbH, Arrow Games Ltd, Alga, The Purple Cow, Schmidt Spiele, The Toy Network, Galleryplay, Planet Finska, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Selchow & Righter, S & E, Wild & Wolf, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Saitek, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., K.E.Leg, Dal Negro, Oriental Trading Company, House Martin, Cathay, OPEN'N PLAY, Klee, Neroulia, (Self-Published), Gammon Games, Wood Expressions, Waddingtons, El Greco, Inovac Rima SA, Whitman, Merit, Zontik Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Søstrene Grene, Pleasantime Games, Marlboro, nestorgames, Blatz, play time, Invicta Games, Cayro, The Games, ABRA, Gibsons, Pin International, Editrice Giochi, John Jaques of London, Masters Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Classic Toys, Matsui Gaming Machine, Milton Bradley, The Op Games, Marigó, Heyne, Dos Reis, Carlit, Węgiel, Westside Fun Games, Top Mark, Bisonte, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Pendleton, Golden, MB Spellen, American Express, Smethport Specialty Co., Pintoy, Berliner Spielkarten, Editions ATLAS, Croner, Philos, Fundex, Noris Spiele, Joker, M Petrushkin, Ludens Planet, Halsall, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Poolmaster, Tactic, Ariel Productions Ltd, Brio AB, Diset S. A., Kingstone International, Chadwick Miller Inc., Friendly Games, Inc., Crisloid, WHSmith, HABA, MB Spiele, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, LuduScience, Fame Products, Jumbo, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dilemma Games, StirlingFox, Galison, Square Root Games, Western Publishing Company, Ghisò, Sterling Games, Mitra, L. P. Septímio, Cardinal, Super Accord, Hector Saxe, Gamut of Games, CHH Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Deuce, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Palet spil, Gold Medal, Game Factory, Maxco, Otto Maier Verlag, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, John Sands Pty Ltd, Spear's Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Pressman Toy Corp., National Novelty Corp., Piatnik, Pavilion, Silk Cut, Bello Games New York, Inc., HEMA, Peri Spiele, Hasbro, Estrela, Schou
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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