Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Estrela, Chadwick Miller Inc., MB Spellen, Western Publishing Company, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Deuce, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, John Jaques of London, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Crisloid, The Op Games, Wood Expressions, CHH Games, Mitra, Berliner Spielkarten, 3M, (Unknown), Ramsons, IRWIN Games, El Greco, Cathay, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Golden, Gibsons, Joker, Brio AB, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Bisonte, Whitman, The Toy Network, Merit, Pelikan, play time, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, P:OS Handels GmbH, ABRA, Søstrene Grene, American Express, Silk Cut, HABA, John Sands Pty Ltd, Classic Toys, Editrice Giochi, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., StirlingFox, Blatz, Diset S. A., Dos Reis, Unicorn Products, Dal Negro, Galison, House Martin, Dino Toys s. r. o., Basic Fun, Inc., Zontik Games, Square Root Games, Majora, Game Factory, Reiss Games, Dilemma Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Klee, Schmidt France, Creative Crafthouse, Gigliodoro, Pleasantime Games, S & E, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Smethport Specialty Co., Lagoon Games, Węgiel, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Fundex, Editions ATLAS, Carlit, Daells Varehus, L. P. Septímio, Alga, Super Accord, Arrow Games Ltd, HEMA, Schou, WHSmith, The Purple Cow, Piatnik, Selchow & Righter, Ludens Planet, Invicta Games, Hector Saxe, Jumbo, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Inovac Rima SA, K.E.Leg, Pavilion, Poolmaster, Philos, RoseArt, Halsall, Neroulia, Planet Finska, Croner, Heyne, Masters Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Harlekin, Otto Maier Verlag, Ghisò, Palet spil, Marlboro, Oriental Trading Company, Tactic, Pin International, Galleryplay, Spear's Games, Gamut of Games, Cayro, The Games, Glevum Games, Saitek, MB Spiele, Chad Valley Co Ltd., National Novelty Corp., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Origem, House of Marbles, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Gammon Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Milton Bradley, Waddingtons, Sterling Games, Cardinal, Westside Fun Games, F.X. Schmid, (Self-Published), Hasbro, Pintoy, M Petrushkin, Pendleton, Marigó, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Maxco, Ariel Productions Ltd, Gold Medal, Skor-Mor, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Vennerød Forlag AS, Top Mark, Schmidt International, Fame Products, LuduScience, nestorgames, Noris Spiele, Wild & Wolf, Peri Spiele, (Public Domain), Ravensburger, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Kingstone International, OPEN'N PLAY, Pressman Toy Corp., Juegos Ya S.L., Schmidt Spiele
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race, Track Movement
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Estrela, Chadwick Miller Inc., MB Spellen, Western Publishing Company, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Deuce, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, John Jaques of London, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Crisloid, The Op Games, Wood Expressions, CHH Games, Mitra, Berliner Spielkarten, 3M, (Unknown), Ramsons, IRWIN Games, El Greco, Cathay, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Golden, Gibsons, Joker, Brio AB, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Bisonte, Whitman, The Toy Network, Merit, Pelikan, play time, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, P:OS Handels GmbH, ABRA, Søstrene Grene, American Express, Silk Cut, HABA, John Sands Pty Ltd, Classic Toys, Editrice Giochi, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., StirlingFox, Blatz, Diset S. A., Dos Reis, Unicorn Products, Dal Negro, Galison, House Martin, Dino Toys s. r. o., Basic Fun, Inc., Zontik Games, Square Root Games, Majora, Game Factory, Reiss Games, Dilemma Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Klee, Schmidt France, Creative Crafthouse, Gigliodoro, Pleasantime Games, S & E, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Smethport Specialty Co., Lagoon Games, Węgiel, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Fundex, Editions ATLAS, Carlit, Daells Varehus, L. P. Septímio, Alga, Super Accord, Arrow Games Ltd, HEMA, Schou, WHSmith, The Purple Cow, Piatnik, Selchow & Righter, Ludens Planet, Invicta Games, Hector Saxe, Jumbo, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Inovac Rima SA, K.E.Leg, Pavilion, Poolmaster, Philos, RoseArt, Halsall, Neroulia, Planet Finska, Croner, Heyne, Masters Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Harlekin, Otto Maier Verlag, Ghisò, Palet spil, Marlboro, Oriental Trading Company, Tactic, Pin International, Galleryplay, Spear's Games, Gamut of Games, Cayro, The Games, Glevum Games, Saitek, MB Spiele, Chad Valley Co Ltd., National Novelty Corp., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Origem, House of Marbles, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Gammon Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Milton Bradley, Waddingtons, Sterling Games, Cardinal, Westside Fun Games, F.X. Schmid, (Self-Published), Hasbro, Pintoy, M Petrushkin, Pendleton, Marigó, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Maxco, Ariel Productions Ltd, Gold Medal, Skor-Mor, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Vennerød Forlag AS, Top Mark, Schmidt International, Fame Products, LuduScience, nestorgames, Noris Spiele, Wild & Wolf, Peri Spiele, (Public Domain), Ravensburger, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Kingstone International, OPEN'N PLAY, Pressman Toy Corp., Juegos Ya S.L., Schmidt Spiele
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race, Track Movement
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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