Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Game Factory, Lagoon Games, Arrow Games Ltd, American Express, OPEN'N PLAY, Unicorn Products, Blatz, Wild & Wolf, Dal Negro, Invicta Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Halsall, Węgiel, Hasbro, Editions ATLAS, Palet spil, Silk Cut, P:OS Handels GmbH, (Public Domain), HABA, Dilemma Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Ravensburger, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Alga, Top Mark, Ramsons, Juegos Ya S.L., Skor-Mor, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Whitman, Ariel Productions Ltd, Crisloid, Cathay, House of Marbles, Heyne, Zontik Games, Origem, Planet Finska, Maxco, Peri Spiele, LuduScience, Kingstone International, Gammon Games, Ludens Planet, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Harlekin, Pressman Toy Corp., Deuce, John Jaques of London, Otto Maier Verlag, Fundex, Wood Expressions, Oriental Trading Company, Marlboro, Ghisò, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Inovac Rima SA, Croner, L. P. Septímio, StirlingFox, Cayro, The Games, El Greco, John Sands Pty Ltd, nestorgames, ABRA, Editrice Giochi, Classic Toys, Matsui Gaming Machine, Gigliodoro, Estrela, Sladecolour Board Games, Glevum Games, Masters Games, National Novelty Corp., Majora, play time, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Basic Fun, Inc., Brio AB, Golden, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, HEMA, Merit, Galleryplay, Sterling Games, Philos, Bisonte, (Unknown), The Op Games, Noris Spiele, Pin International, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., WHSmith, The Toy Network, Super Accord, Pleasantime Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Creative Crafthouse, Milton Bradley, Waddingtons, Mitra, Gold Medal, M Petrushkin, Friendly Games, Inc., MB Spellen, 3M, Pintoy, K.E.Leg, Schou, Fame Products, Square Root Games, The Purple Cow, Smethport Specialty Co., Cardinal, Schmidt France, Dos Reis, Gibsons, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Klee, Pendleton, Westside Fun Games, Jumbo, Reiss Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Piatnik, Schmidt Spiele, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Tactic, S & E, Berliner Spielkarten, (Self-Published), Gamut of Games, Pelikan, Schmidt International, Selchow & Righter, Spear's Games, Hector Saxe, Carlit, MB Spiele, Marigó, House Martin, Neroulia, Daells Varehus, Chadwick Miller Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, Saitek, Søstrene Grene, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Diset S. A., CHH Games, RoseArt, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, F.X. Schmid, Galison, IRWIN Games, Pavilion, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Dino Toys s. r. o., Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, Bello Games New York, Inc.
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Track Movement
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Game Factory, Lagoon Games, Arrow Games Ltd, American Express, OPEN'N PLAY, Unicorn Products, Blatz, Wild & Wolf, Dal Negro, Invicta Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Halsall, Węgiel, Hasbro, Editions ATLAS, Palet spil, Silk Cut, P:OS Handels GmbH, (Public Domain), HABA, Dilemma Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Ravensburger, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Alga, Top Mark, Ramsons, Juegos Ya S.L., Skor-Mor, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Whitman, Ariel Productions Ltd, Crisloid, Cathay, House of Marbles, Heyne, Zontik Games, Origem, Planet Finska, Maxco, Peri Spiele, LuduScience, Kingstone International, Gammon Games, Ludens Planet, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Harlekin, Pressman Toy Corp., Deuce, John Jaques of London, Otto Maier Verlag, Fundex, Wood Expressions, Oriental Trading Company, Marlboro, Ghisò, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Inovac Rima SA, Croner, L. P. Septímio, StirlingFox, Cayro, The Games, El Greco, John Sands Pty Ltd, nestorgames, ABRA, Editrice Giochi, Classic Toys, Matsui Gaming Machine, Gigliodoro, Estrela, Sladecolour Board Games, Glevum Games, Masters Games, National Novelty Corp., Majora, play time, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Basic Fun, Inc., Brio AB, Golden, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, HEMA, Merit, Galleryplay, Sterling Games, Philos, Bisonte, (Unknown), The Op Games, Noris Spiele, Pin International, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., WHSmith, The Toy Network, Super Accord, Pleasantime Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Creative Crafthouse, Milton Bradley, Waddingtons, Mitra, Gold Medal, M Petrushkin, Friendly Games, Inc., MB Spellen, 3M, Pintoy, K.E.Leg, Schou, Fame Products, Square Root Games, The Purple Cow, Smethport Specialty Co., Cardinal, Schmidt France, Dos Reis, Gibsons, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Klee, Pendleton, Westside Fun Games, Jumbo, Reiss Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Piatnik, Schmidt Spiele, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Tactic, S & E, Berliner Spielkarten, (Self-Published), Gamut of Games, Pelikan, Schmidt International, Selchow & Righter, Spear's Games, Hector Saxe, Carlit, MB Spiele, Marigó, House Martin, Neroulia, Daells Varehus, Chadwick Miller Inc., Vennerød Forlag AS, Joker, Saitek, Søstrene Grene, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Diset S. A., CHH Games, RoseArt, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, F.X. Schmid, Galison, IRWIN Games, Pavilion, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Dino Toys s. r. o., Western Publishing Company, Poolmaster, Bello Games New York, Inc.
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Track Movement
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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