Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Tactic, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Diset S. A., Inovac Rima SA, Joker, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Juegos Ya S.L., IRWIN Games, Hasbro, Creative Crafthouse, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Chadwick Miller Inc., Dilemma Games, Poolmaster, Galleryplay, Glevum Games, Cathay, StirlingFox, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Deuce, Pleasantime Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Peri Spiele, M Petrushkin, (Unknown), WHSmith, MB Spiele, Lagoon Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Pendleton, Dino Toys s. r. o., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., CHH Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Daells Varehus, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Cayro, The Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pavilion, Vennerød Forlag AS, Editrice Giochi, LuduScience, Westside Fun Games, RoseArt, Philos, HABA, The Purple Cow, National Novelty Corp., Bello Games New York, Inc., Smethport Specialty Co., Gammon Games, Wood Expressions, Fame Products, Węgiel, F.X. Schmid, Marlboro, Berliner Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Top Mark, The Op Games, Ravensburger, John Sands Pty Ltd, Gibsons, Maxco, Zontik Games, Gigliodoro, Palet spil, Super Accord, Heyne, Neroulia, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Fundex, Gold Medal, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), (Public Domain), House of Marbles, Silk Cut, Marigó, 3M, Magnetic Poetry Inc, OPEN'N PLAY, Planet Finska, ABRA, Wild & Wolf, Søstrene Grene, Oriental Trading Company, Hector Saxe, Crisloid, (Self-Published), Galison, Square Root Games, Classic Toys, Waddington Sanders Ltd., John Jaques of London, MB Spellen, Western Publishing Company, Origem, Carlit, Golden, Jumbo, Friendly Games, Inc., K.E.Leg, Dal Negro, Skor-Mor, Ramsons, Majora, nestorgames, Matsui Gaming Machine, Sladecolour Board Games, Croner, Merit, Brio AB, Schmidt Spiele, The Toy Network, Pintoy, Saitek, Harlekin, American Express, Editions ATLAS, Ghisò, Pin International, Masters Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bisonte, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Ludens Planet, El Greco, House Martin, Noris Spiele, Whitman, Blatz, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., L. P. Septímio, Gamut of Games, Dos Reis, Schou, Game Factory, Piatnik, Estrela, Klee, Mitra, Waddingtons, Invicta Games, S & E, Cardinal, Spear's Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Alga, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Selchow & Righter, Reiss Games, HEMA, play time, Arrow Games Ltd, Pelikan, Halsall, Kingstone International, Milton Bradley, Unicorn Products, Schmidt International, Ariel Productions Ltd
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Tactic, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Diset S. A., Inovac Rima SA, Joker, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Juegos Ya S.L., IRWIN Games, Hasbro, Creative Crafthouse, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Chadwick Miller Inc., Dilemma Games, Poolmaster, Galleryplay, Glevum Games, Cathay, StirlingFox, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Deuce, Pleasantime Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Peri Spiele, M Petrushkin, (Unknown), WHSmith, MB Spiele, Lagoon Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Pendleton, Dino Toys s. r. o., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., CHH Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Daells Varehus, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Cayro, The Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pavilion, Vennerød Forlag AS, Editrice Giochi, LuduScience, Westside Fun Games, RoseArt, Philos, HABA, The Purple Cow, National Novelty Corp., Bello Games New York, Inc., Smethport Specialty Co., Gammon Games, Wood Expressions, Fame Products, Węgiel, F.X. Schmid, Marlboro, Berliner Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Top Mark, The Op Games, Ravensburger, John Sands Pty Ltd, Gibsons, Maxco, Zontik Games, Gigliodoro, Palet spil, Super Accord, Heyne, Neroulia, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Fundex, Gold Medal, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), (Public Domain), House of Marbles, Silk Cut, Marigó, 3M, Magnetic Poetry Inc, OPEN'N PLAY, Planet Finska, ABRA, Wild & Wolf, Søstrene Grene, Oriental Trading Company, Hector Saxe, Crisloid, (Self-Published), Galison, Square Root Games, Classic Toys, Waddington Sanders Ltd., John Jaques of London, MB Spellen, Western Publishing Company, Origem, Carlit, Golden, Jumbo, Friendly Games, Inc., K.E.Leg, Dal Negro, Skor-Mor, Ramsons, Majora, nestorgames, Matsui Gaming Machine, Sladecolour Board Games, Croner, Merit, Brio AB, Schmidt Spiele, The Toy Network, Pintoy, Saitek, Harlekin, American Express, Editions ATLAS, Ghisò, Pin International, Masters Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bisonte, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Ludens Planet, El Greco, House Martin, Noris Spiele, Whitman, Blatz, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., L. P. Septímio, Gamut of Games, Dos Reis, Schou, Game Factory, Piatnik, Estrela, Klee, Mitra, Waddingtons, Invicta Games, S & E, Cardinal, Spear's Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Alga, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Selchow & Righter, Reiss Games, HEMA, play time, Arrow Games Ltd, Pelikan, Halsall, Kingstone International, Milton Bradley, Unicorn Products, Schmidt International, Ariel Productions Ltd
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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