Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Sterling Games, Glevum Games, Palet spil, Waddingtons, Origem, Game Factory, American Express, Creative Crafthouse, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, M Petrushkin, Alga, Super Accord, Otto Maier Verlag, Brio AB, 3M, Ghisò, Dal Negro, Marlboro, Whitman, Gamut of Games, Merit, The Purple Cow, Dilemma Games, Western Publishing Company, Cathay, F.X. Schmid, Westside Fun Games, nestorgames, Poolmaster, Skor-Mor, Cayro, The Games, Cardinal, Arrow Games Ltd, StirlingFox, Halsall, Heyne, HABA, Piatnik, Silk Cut, CHH Games, Juegos Ya S.L., Unicorn Products, Galleryplay, Marigó, Ariel Productions Ltd, Kingstone International, WHSmith, Schmidt France, Basic Fun, Inc., Milton Bradley, Dino Toys s. r. o., Pavilion, John Sands Pty Ltd, S & E, Philos, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Estrela, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Golden, Galison, Crisloid, Vennerød Forlag AS, HEMA, Noris Spiele, Top Mark, Majora, Deuce, Gigliodoro, Invicta Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Wood Expressions, OPEN'N PLAY, Reiss Games, Pintoy, Fundex, Pleasantime Games, Gold Medal, Oriental Trading Company, Pendleton, The Op Games, LuduScience, Friendly Games, Inc., Schmidt International, Lagoon Games, Hasbro, ABRA, Fame Products, L. P. Septímio, House Martin, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pin International, Jumbo, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Peri Spiele, Matsui Gaming Machine, Blatz, play time, Harlekin, Schmidt Spiele, Maxco, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), (Unknown), Selchow & Righter, P:OS Handels GmbH, Berliner Spielkarten, Gammon Games, Søstrene Grene, Joker, RoseArt, Spear's Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Sladecolour Board Games, Editions ATLAS, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Zontik Games, The Toy Network, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Carlit, Bello Games New York, Inc., Masters Games, MB Spiele, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Smethport Specialty Co., Węgiel, Schou, Ravensburger, K.E.Leg, Tactic, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Pelikan, John Jaques of London, Chadwick Miller Inc., Ramsons, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., (Public Domain), Diset S. A., IRWIN Games, Bisonte, Classic Toys, Planet Finska, MB Spellen, Pressman Toy Corp., El Greco, Gibsons, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Croner, Hector Saxe, National Novelty Corp., Neroulia, Mitra, (Self-Published), House of Marbles, Editrice Giochi, Klee, Inovac Rima SA, Saitek, Wild & Wolf, Dos Reis, Square Root Games, Daells Varehus, Ludens Planet
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Race, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Sterling Games, Glevum Games, Palet spil, Waddingtons, Origem, Game Factory, American Express, Creative Crafthouse, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, M Petrushkin, Alga, Super Accord, Otto Maier Verlag, Brio AB, 3M, Ghisò, Dal Negro, Marlboro, Whitman, Gamut of Games, Merit, The Purple Cow, Dilemma Games, Western Publishing Company, Cathay, F.X. Schmid, Westside Fun Games, nestorgames, Poolmaster, Skor-Mor, Cayro, The Games, Cardinal, Arrow Games Ltd, StirlingFox, Halsall, Heyne, HABA, Piatnik, Silk Cut, CHH Games, Juegos Ya S.L., Unicorn Products, Galleryplay, Marigó, Ariel Productions Ltd, Kingstone International, WHSmith, Schmidt France, Basic Fun, Inc., Milton Bradley, Dino Toys s. r. o., Pavilion, John Sands Pty Ltd, S & E, Philos, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Estrela, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Golden, Galison, Crisloid, Vennerød Forlag AS, HEMA, Noris Spiele, Top Mark, Majora, Deuce, Gigliodoro, Invicta Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Wood Expressions, OPEN'N PLAY, Reiss Games, Pintoy, Fundex, Pleasantime Games, Gold Medal, Oriental Trading Company, Pendleton, The Op Games, LuduScience, Friendly Games, Inc., Schmidt International, Lagoon Games, Hasbro, ABRA, Fame Products, L. P. Septímio, House Martin, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pin International, Jumbo, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Peri Spiele, Matsui Gaming Machine, Blatz, play time, Harlekin, Schmidt Spiele, Maxco, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), (Unknown), Selchow & Righter, P:OS Handels GmbH, Berliner Spielkarten, Gammon Games, Søstrene Grene, Joker, RoseArt, Spear's Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Sladecolour Board Games, Editions ATLAS, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Zontik Games, The Toy Network, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Carlit, Bello Games New York, Inc., Masters Games, MB Spiele, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Smethport Specialty Co., Węgiel, Schou, Ravensburger, K.E.Leg, Tactic, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Pelikan, John Jaques of London, Chadwick Miller Inc., Ramsons, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., (Public Domain), Diset S. A., IRWIN Games, Bisonte, Classic Toys, Planet Finska, MB Spellen, Pressman Toy Corp., El Greco, Gibsons, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Croner, Hector Saxe, National Novelty Corp., Neroulia, Mitra, (Self-Published), House of Marbles, Editrice Giochi, Klee, Inovac Rima SA, Saitek, Wild & Wolf, Dos Reis, Square Root Games, Daells Varehus, Ludens Planet
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Race, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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