Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Schou, Invicta Games, Silk Cut, Maxco, Klee, HEMA, Galison, Pressman Toy Corp., K.E.Leg, Top Mark, Pintoy, (Self-Published), Hasbro, Square Root Games, Western Publishing Company, Fundex, Brio AB, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Westside Fun Games, OPEN'N PLAY, P:OS Handels GmbH, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Bello Games New York, Inc., Editrice Giochi, Cayro, The Games, Game Factory, Noris Spiele, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Selchow & Righter, Hector Saxe, MB Spiele, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Kingstone International, Schmidt France, Lagoon Games, 3M, Pin International, Milton Bradley, Origem, Croner, Crisloid, StirlingFox, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Diset S. A., Chad Valley Co Ltd., John Jaques of London, The Op Games, Poolmaster, Oriental Trading Company, M Petrushkin, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Gamut of Games, Blatz, play time, Alga, Peri Spiele, CHH Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Philos, Dos Reis, Schmidt International, Deuce, Editions ATLAS, Fame Products, Cathay, Merit, National Novelty Corp., Marigó, Piatnik, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Tactic, Wild & Wolf, House Martin, Gigliodoro, Dal Negro, Reiss Games, Skor-Mor, Juegos Ya S.L., MB Spellen, Gold Medal, Ludens Planet, Søstrene Grene, Harlekin, Whitman, Pavilion, Waddingtons, Vennerød Forlag AS, Masters Games, Dilemma Games, Joker, Unicorn Products, HABA, Dino Toys s. r. o., Galleryplay, El Greco, Smethport Specialty Co., Ghisò, Estrela, Glevum Games, Planet Finska, Neroulia, WHSmith, Bisonte, RoseArt, L. P. Septímio, American Express, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pleasantime Games, Matsui Gaming Machine, Chadwick Miller Inc., LuduScience, Friendly Games, Inc., Wood Expressions, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Ariel Productions Ltd, Golden, Carlit, House of Marbles, Schmidt Spiele, ABRA, Inovac Rima SA, Jumbo, Classic Toys, The Toy Network, Sladecolour Board Games, (Unknown), Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pelikan, Creative Crafthouse, The Purple Cow, Spear's Games, Gammon Games, (Public Domain), Węgiel, IRWIN Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Ravensburger, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Gibsons, Pendleton, nestorgames, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Daells Varehus, F.X. Schmid, Saitek, S & E, Zontik Games, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Cardinal, Sterling Games, Super Accord, John Sands Pty Ltd, Marlboro, Mitra, Otto Maier Verlag, Majora, Ramsons, Heyne, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Basic Fun, Inc., Halsall, Palet spil, Berliner Spielkarten, Arrow Games Ltd
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Schou, Invicta Games, Silk Cut, Maxco, Klee, HEMA, Galison, Pressman Toy Corp., K.E.Leg, Top Mark, Pintoy, (Self-Published), Hasbro, Square Root Games, Western Publishing Company, Fundex, Brio AB, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Westside Fun Games, OPEN'N PLAY, P:OS Handels GmbH, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Bello Games New York, Inc., Editrice Giochi, Cayro, The Games, Game Factory, Noris Spiele, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Selchow & Righter, Hector Saxe, MB Spiele, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Kingstone International, Schmidt France, Lagoon Games, 3M, Pin International, Milton Bradley, Origem, Croner, Crisloid, StirlingFox, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Diset S. A., Chad Valley Co Ltd., John Jaques of London, The Op Games, Poolmaster, Oriental Trading Company, M Petrushkin, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Gamut of Games, Blatz, play time, Alga, Peri Spiele, CHH Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Philos, Dos Reis, Schmidt International, Deuce, Editions ATLAS, Fame Products, Cathay, Merit, National Novelty Corp., Marigó, Piatnik, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Tactic, Wild & Wolf, House Martin, Gigliodoro, Dal Negro, Reiss Games, Skor-Mor, Juegos Ya S.L., MB Spellen, Gold Medal, Ludens Planet, Søstrene Grene, Harlekin, Whitman, Pavilion, Waddingtons, Vennerød Forlag AS, Masters Games, Dilemma Games, Joker, Unicorn Products, HABA, Dino Toys s. r. o., Galleryplay, El Greco, Smethport Specialty Co., Ghisò, Estrela, Glevum Games, Planet Finska, Neroulia, WHSmith, Bisonte, RoseArt, L. P. Septímio, American Express, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pleasantime Games, Matsui Gaming Machine, Chadwick Miller Inc., LuduScience, Friendly Games, Inc., Wood Expressions, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Ariel Productions Ltd, Golden, Carlit, House of Marbles, Schmidt Spiele, ABRA, Inovac Rima SA, Jumbo, Classic Toys, The Toy Network, Sladecolour Board Games, (Unknown), Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pelikan, Creative Crafthouse, The Purple Cow, Spear's Games, Gammon Games, (Public Domain), Węgiel, IRWIN Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Ravensburger, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Gibsons, Pendleton, nestorgames, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Daells Varehus, F.X. Schmid, Saitek, S & E, Zontik Games, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Cardinal, Sterling Games, Super Accord, John Sands Pty Ltd, Marlboro, Mitra, Otto Maier Verlag, Majora, Ramsons, Heyne, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Basic Fun, Inc., Halsall, Palet spil, Berliner Spielkarten, Arrow Games Ltd
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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