Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: MB Spellen, Classic Toys, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, House of Marbles, The Toy Network, L. P. Septímio, Glevum Games, Gibsons, WHSmith, M Petrushkin, John Jaques of London, Magnetic Poetry Inc, John Sands Pty Ltd, LuduScience, Mitra, Western Publishing Company, Origem, Game Factory, Tactic, Philos, Węgiel, Top Mark, Halsall, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Planet Finska, Harlekin, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Fundex, play time, Westside Fun Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., MB Spiele, Saitek, Friendly Games, Inc., Ramsons, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dos Reis, Ghisò, Bello Games New York, Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Inovac Rima SA, Croner, Søstrene Grene, Marlboro, Otto Maier Verlag, The Purple Cow, Piatnik, Cayro, The Games, Blatz, Arrow Games Ltd, Heyne, Basic Fun, Inc., El Greco, Schmidt International, Sladecolour Board Games, Alga, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Fame Products, Merit, Pavilion, Carlit, StirlingFox, Selchow & Righter, Schou, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), F.X. Schmid, Matsui Gaming Machine, IRWIN Games, Galleryplay, Kingstone International, American Express, Estrela, Majora, Dino Toys s. r. o., Poolmaster, CHH Games, Reiss Games, Noris Spiele, Invicta Games, (Public Domain), Peri Spiele, Cardinal, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Hector Saxe, Schmidt France, 3M, nestorgames, The Op Games, Pleasantime Games, Unicorn Products, Crisloid, Hasbro, Galison, Golden, Whitman, National Novelty Corp., Waddingtons, Jumbo, Palet spil, Deuce, Maxco, Spear's Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Sterling Games, RoseArt, HEMA, Editions ATLAS, Gold Medal, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Daells Varehus, Pelikan, Gamut of Games, Bisonte, Berliner Spielkarten, Dilemma Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Oriental Trading Company, Brio AB, (Unknown), Skor-Mor, Creative Crafthouse, Ariel Productions Ltd, Pin International, Wood Expressions, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Pintoy, House Martin, Smethport Specialty Co., Gigliodoro, Lagoon Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., S & E, Schmidt Spiele, Ravensburger, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Ludens Planet, Neroulia, Milton Bradley, Zontik Games, Editrice Giochi, Masters Games, Joker, Cathay, Silk Cut, Diset S. A., Marigó, Wild & Wolf, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Square Root Games, Dal Negro, HABA, Super Accord, Gammon Games, ABRA, (Self-Published), Pressman Toy Corp., Juegos Ya S.L., Vennerød Forlag AS, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pendleton, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., K.E.Leg, Klee
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: MB Spellen, Classic Toys, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, House of Marbles, The Toy Network, L. P. Septímio, Glevum Games, Gibsons, WHSmith, M Petrushkin, John Jaques of London, Magnetic Poetry Inc, John Sands Pty Ltd, LuduScience, Mitra, Western Publishing Company, Origem, Game Factory, Tactic, Philos, Węgiel, Top Mark, Halsall, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Planet Finska, Harlekin, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Fundex, play time, Westside Fun Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., MB Spiele, Saitek, Friendly Games, Inc., Ramsons, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dos Reis, Ghisò, Bello Games New York, Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Inovac Rima SA, Croner, Søstrene Grene, Marlboro, Otto Maier Verlag, The Purple Cow, Piatnik, Cayro, The Games, Blatz, Arrow Games Ltd, Heyne, Basic Fun, Inc., El Greco, Schmidt International, Sladecolour Board Games, Alga, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Fame Products, Merit, Pavilion, Carlit, StirlingFox, Selchow & Righter, Schou, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), F.X. Schmid, Matsui Gaming Machine, IRWIN Games, Galleryplay, Kingstone International, American Express, Estrela, Majora, Dino Toys s. r. o., Poolmaster, CHH Games, Reiss Games, Noris Spiele, Invicta Games, (Public Domain), Peri Spiele, Cardinal, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Hector Saxe, Schmidt France, 3M, nestorgames, The Op Games, Pleasantime Games, Unicorn Products, Crisloid, Hasbro, Galison, Golden, Whitman, National Novelty Corp., Waddingtons, Jumbo, Palet spil, Deuce, Maxco, Spear's Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Sterling Games, RoseArt, HEMA, Editions ATLAS, Gold Medal, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Daells Varehus, Pelikan, Gamut of Games, Bisonte, Berliner Spielkarten, Dilemma Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Oriental Trading Company, Brio AB, (Unknown), Skor-Mor, Creative Crafthouse, Ariel Productions Ltd, Pin International, Wood Expressions, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Pintoy, House Martin, Smethport Specialty Co., Gigliodoro, Lagoon Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., S & E, Schmidt Spiele, Ravensburger, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Ludens Planet, Neroulia, Milton Bradley, Zontik Games, Editrice Giochi, Masters Games, Joker, Cathay, Silk Cut, Diset S. A., Marigó, Wild & Wolf, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Square Root Games, Dal Negro, HABA, Super Accord, Gammon Games, ABRA, (Self-Published), Pressman Toy Corp., Juegos Ya S.L., Vennerød Forlag AS, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Pendleton, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., K.E.Leg, Klee
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Static Capture, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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