Backgammon (1630)

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Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Reiss Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Vennerød Forlag AS, National Novelty Corp., Schmidt International, Wild & Wolf, El Greco, Palet spil, Pressman Toy Corp., MB Spiele, Zontik Games, Noris Spiele, Golden, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Galleryplay, Blatz, Saitek, Estrela, S & E, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Maxco, CHH Games, Smethport Specialty Co., Glevum Games, Schmidt France, Schmidt Spiele, John Sands Pty Ltd, K.E.Leg, Cayro, The Games, American Express, Berliner Spielkarten, Planet Finska, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Ariel Productions Ltd, Joker, HEMA, Ghisò, Ramsons, Fame Products, Friendly Games, Inc., L. P. Septímio, Ravensburger, Milton Bradley, (Unknown), P:OS Handels GmbH, House Martin, Węgiel, Daells Varehus, Carlit, Pavilion, Kingstone International, Brio AB, Fundex, Selchow & Righter, Jumbo, Galison, Gibsons, Spear's Games, M Petrushkin, HABA, Pendleton, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Editions ATLAS, Bisonte, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Alga, Deuce, Pin International, Piatnik, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Creative Crafthouse, John Jaques of London, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pintoy, The Purple Cow, Game Factory, IRWIN Games, Hasbro, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Philos, Sladecolour Board Games, Dilemma Games, Masters Games, Pelikan, Marigó, Gold Medal, (Self-Published), Halsall, Hector Saxe, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, House of Marbles, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schou, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., The Op Games, Majora, Crisloid, Basic Fun, Inc., Editrice Giochi, Unicorn Products, Super Accord, Matsui Gaming Machine, ABRA, Croner, Neroulia, Klee, MB Spellen, Square Root Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Harlekin, nestorgames, Merit, Lagoon Games, Silk Cut, Dal Negro, play time, Western Publishing Company, (Public Domain), Gigliodoro, Otto Maier Verlag, Bello Games New York, Inc., Pleasantime Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., WHSmith, Gammon Games, Classic Toys, Cathay, The Toy Network, Top Mark, Ludens Planet, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Poolmaster, Cardinal, 3M, Waddingtons, LuduScience, Invicta Games, Oriental Trading Company, Marlboro, RoseArt, Skor-Mor, Sterling Games, Westside Fun Games, Heyne, Peri Spiele, Juegos Ya S.L., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Gamut of Games, F.X. Schmid, Mitra, Wood Expressions, Origem, OPEN'N PLAY, Søstrene Grene, StirlingFox, Diset S. A., Dos Reis, Whitman, Dino Toys s. r. o., Inovac Rima SA, Tactic
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing

Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.

Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.

The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).

The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.



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ag.gameitem.lastUpdated: 2025-04-30 05:13:13.637