Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Inovac Rima SA, Hector Saxe, The Purple Cow, Fame Products, Juegos Ya S.L., Oriental Trading Company, House of Marbles, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., National Novelty Corp., Matsui Gaming Machine, Chadwick Miller Inc., Whitman, 3M, Super Accord, HEMA, Marlboro, The Op Games, Otto Maier Verlag, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Jumbo, Gammon Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Mitra, Planet Finska, Top Mark, Arrow Games Ltd, LuduScience, Schou, John Jaques of London, Pleasantime Games, Heyne, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Marigó, Pendleton, Pavilion, Westside Fun Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Western Publishing Company, Golden, Peri Spiele, Basic Fun, Inc., Zontik Games, Brio AB, L. P. Septímio, Gamut of Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., F.X. Schmid, Editions ATLAS, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Milton Bradley, Pelikan, Pressman Toy Corp., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Spear's Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Dal Negro, Silk Cut, Crisloid, Croner, American Express, Carlit, Fundex, Classic Toys, Harlekin, RoseArt, Berliner Spielkarten, Bisonte, Smethport Specialty Co., Estrela, Maxco, (Self-Published), Gigliodoro, Schmidt France, Skor-Mor, OPEN'N PLAY, Waddingtons, Square Root Games, Klee, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Invicta Games, MB Spiele, Palet spil, Lagoon Games, Gibsons, Origem, HABA, Tactic, Blatz, Halsall, Węgiel, Saitek, Reiss Games, Wood Expressions, K.E.Leg, Ramsons, Friendly Games, Inc., Cathay, Vennerød Forlag AS, Søstrene Grene, Daells Varehus, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, The Toy Network, Poolmaster, (Unknown), Pin International, Galleryplay, Masters Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Noris Spiele, Dino Toys s. r. o., MB Spellen, Cayro, The Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, John Sands Pty Ltd, Unicorn Products, nestorgames, Ariel Productions Ltd, Dilemma Games, Joker, Sladecolour Board Games, Merit, (Public Domain), Majora, Alga, Game Factory, Schmidt International, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Galison, play time, Sterling Games, Dos Reis, Wild & Wolf, Pintoy, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Deuce, Cardinal, Ghisò, StirlingFox, Diset S. A., El Greco, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Gold Medal, Philos, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Editrice Giochi, ABRA, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., CHH Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., S & E, House Martin, Ludens Planet, Hasbro, Piatnik, Schmidt Spiele, IRWIN Games, Kingstone International, Ravensburger, WHSmith, Neroulia, Glevum Games, M Petrushkin, Selchow & Righter
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Race, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Inovac Rima SA, Hector Saxe, The Purple Cow, Fame Products, Juegos Ya S.L., Oriental Trading Company, House of Marbles, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., National Novelty Corp., Matsui Gaming Machine, Chadwick Miller Inc., Whitman, 3M, Super Accord, HEMA, Marlboro, The Op Games, Otto Maier Verlag, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Jumbo, Gammon Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Mitra, Planet Finska, Top Mark, Arrow Games Ltd, LuduScience, Schou, John Jaques of London, Pleasantime Games, Heyne, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Marigó, Pendleton, Pavilion, Westside Fun Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Western Publishing Company, Golden, Peri Spiele, Basic Fun, Inc., Zontik Games, Brio AB, L. P. Septímio, Gamut of Games, Chad Valley Co Ltd., F.X. Schmid, Editions ATLAS, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Milton Bradley, Pelikan, Pressman Toy Corp., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Spear's Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Dal Negro, Silk Cut, Crisloid, Croner, American Express, Carlit, Fundex, Classic Toys, Harlekin, RoseArt, Berliner Spielkarten, Bisonte, Smethport Specialty Co., Estrela, Maxco, (Self-Published), Gigliodoro, Schmidt France, Skor-Mor, OPEN'N PLAY, Waddingtons, Square Root Games, Klee, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Invicta Games, MB Spiele, Palet spil, Lagoon Games, Gibsons, Origem, HABA, Tactic, Blatz, Halsall, Węgiel, Saitek, Reiss Games, Wood Expressions, K.E.Leg, Ramsons, Friendly Games, Inc., Cathay, Vennerød Forlag AS, Søstrene Grene, Daells Varehus, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, The Toy Network, Poolmaster, (Unknown), Pin International, Galleryplay, Masters Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Noris Spiele, Dino Toys s. r. o., MB Spellen, Cayro, The Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, John Sands Pty Ltd, Unicorn Products, nestorgames, Ariel Productions Ltd, Dilemma Games, Joker, Sladecolour Board Games, Merit, (Public Domain), Majora, Alga, Game Factory, Schmidt International, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Galison, play time, Sterling Games, Dos Reis, Wild & Wolf, Pintoy, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Deuce, Cardinal, Ghisò, StirlingFox, Diset S. A., El Greco, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Gold Medal, Philos, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Editrice Giochi, ABRA, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., CHH Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., S & E, House Martin, Ludens Planet, Hasbro, Piatnik, Schmidt Spiele, IRWIN Games, Kingstone International, Ravensburger, WHSmith, Neroulia, Glevum Games, M Petrushkin, Selchow & Righter
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Race, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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