Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Chad Valley Co Ltd., Noris Spiele, Gibsons, Basic Fun, Inc., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), El Greco, Dos Reis, S & E, Skor-Mor, Joker, Inovac Rima SA, Sterling Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Selchow & Righter, WHSmith, Philos, Classic Toys, Cardinal, Schmidt International, Glevum Games, Klee, (Public Domain), Friendly Games, Inc., Western Publishing Company, House of Marbles, Cayro, The Games, Silk Cut, Maxco, Vennerød Forlag AS, Whitman, Brio AB, Pintoy, Heyne, Peri Spiele, StirlingFox, John Jaques of London, Matsui Gaming Machine, Game Factory, Bisonte, Galison, Majora, Ramsons, Gammon Games, Ghisò, Ariel Productions Ltd, LuduScience, Lagoon Games, Jumbo, ABRA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Søstrene Grene, Dal Negro, Bello Games New York, Inc., MB Spellen, Ravensburger, Croner, Schmidt Spiele, Marlboro, Arrow Games Ltd, Poolmaster, RoseArt, Super Accord, Dilemma Games, Pressman Toy Corp., MB Spiele, Gigliodoro, Pelikan, Kingstone International, OPEN'N PLAY, House Martin, Schmidt France, Waddingtons, Invicta Games, American Express, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Golden, F.X. Schmid, Saitek, Top Mark, Otto Maier Verlag, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., play time, Westside Fun Games, Wild & Wolf, John Sands Pty Ltd, Estrela, The Purple Cow, L. P. Septímio, Tactic, The Toy Network, Berliner Spielkarten, Fame Products, Gamut of Games, Alga, Neroulia, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Hasbro, Unicorn Products, Halsall, M Petrushkin, Editrice Giochi, (Self-Published), Cathay, Gold Medal, Pin International, Reiss Games, Pavilion, Juegos Ya S.L., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Oriental Trading Company, Marigó, Chadwick Miller Inc., Pendleton, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Zontik Games, Origem, Daells Varehus, 3M, Crisloid, National Novelty Corp., Deuce, Fundex, HABA, HEMA, Wood Expressions, Creative Crafthouse, Pleasantime Games, Palet spil, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Milton Bradley, Piatnik, Galleryplay, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Schou, Square Root Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Diset S. A., The Op Games, Planet Finska, nestorgames, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Merit, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Ludens Planet, Smethport Specialty Co., Harlekin, Sladecolour Board Games, (Unknown), Carlit, Blatz, Hector Saxe, Spear's Games, IRWIN Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Masters Games, Editions ATLAS, CHH Games, Węgiel, K.E.Leg, Mitra
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Race, Betting and Bluffing
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Chad Valley Co Ltd., Noris Spiele, Gibsons, Basic Fun, Inc., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), El Greco, Dos Reis, S & E, Skor-Mor, Joker, Inovac Rima SA, Sterling Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Selchow & Righter, WHSmith, Philos, Classic Toys, Cardinal, Schmidt International, Glevum Games, Klee, (Public Domain), Friendly Games, Inc., Western Publishing Company, House of Marbles, Cayro, The Games, Silk Cut, Maxco, Vennerød Forlag AS, Whitman, Brio AB, Pintoy, Heyne, Peri Spiele, StirlingFox, John Jaques of London, Matsui Gaming Machine, Game Factory, Bisonte, Galison, Majora, Ramsons, Gammon Games, Ghisò, Ariel Productions Ltd, LuduScience, Lagoon Games, Jumbo, ABRA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Søstrene Grene, Dal Negro, Bello Games New York, Inc., MB Spellen, Ravensburger, Croner, Schmidt Spiele, Marlboro, Arrow Games Ltd, Poolmaster, RoseArt, Super Accord, Dilemma Games, Pressman Toy Corp., MB Spiele, Gigliodoro, Pelikan, Kingstone International, OPEN'N PLAY, House Martin, Schmidt France, Waddingtons, Invicta Games, American Express, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Golden, F.X. Schmid, Saitek, Top Mark, Otto Maier Verlag, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., play time, Westside Fun Games, Wild & Wolf, John Sands Pty Ltd, Estrela, The Purple Cow, L. P. Septímio, Tactic, The Toy Network, Berliner Spielkarten, Fame Products, Gamut of Games, Alga, Neroulia, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Hasbro, Unicorn Products, Halsall, M Petrushkin, Editrice Giochi, (Self-Published), Cathay, Gold Medal, Pin International, Reiss Games, Pavilion, Juegos Ya S.L., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Oriental Trading Company, Marigó, Chadwick Miller Inc., Pendleton, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Zontik Games, Origem, Daells Varehus, 3M, Crisloid, National Novelty Corp., Deuce, Fundex, HABA, HEMA, Wood Expressions, Creative Crafthouse, Pleasantime Games, Palet spil, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Milton Bradley, Piatnik, Galleryplay, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Schou, Square Root Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Diset S. A., The Op Games, Planet Finska, nestorgames, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Merit, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Ludens Planet, Smethport Specialty Co., Harlekin, Sladecolour Board Games, (Unknown), Carlit, Blatz, Hector Saxe, Spear's Games, IRWIN Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Masters Games, Editions ATLAS, CHH Games, Węgiel, K.E.Leg, Mitra
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Track Movement, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Race, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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