Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Carlit, Classic Toys, WHSmith, Węgiel, Dino Toys s. r. o., Ravensburger, John Sands Pty Ltd, Planet Finska, HABA, Pintoy, S & E, Berliner Spielkarten, Origem, Otto Maier Verlag, (Self-Published), Square Root Games, Jumbo, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., National Novelty Corp., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Gold Medal, John Jaques of London, Sladecolour Board Games, Lagoon Games, Mitra, nestorgames, OPEN'N PLAY, Chadwick Miller Inc., ABRA, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Ghisò, Zontik Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Hector Saxe, Dos Reis, Editions ATLAS, Saitek, Gibsons, Milton Bradley, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Super Accord, Bello Games New York, Inc., Smethport Specialty Co., Schou, (Public Domain), Skor-Mor, House Martin, LuduScience, Editrice Giochi, Fundex, Croner, Neroulia, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Unicorn Products, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Pavilion, play time, Spear's Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Peri Spiele, Inovac Rima SA, Silk Cut, Arrow Games Ltd, House of Marbles, Gamut of Games, Sterling Games, Westside Fun Games, Waddingtons, Kingstone International, Galleryplay, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Crisloid, Cathay, Klee, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Vennerød Forlag AS, Pleasantime Games, F.X. Schmid, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Noris Spiele, Selchow & Righter, Tactic, 3M, Pelikan, Dilemma Games, Majora, Waddington Sanders Ltd., M Petrushkin, Heyne, Top Mark, Wood Expressions, Gammon Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Merit, HEMA, Daells Varehus, Invicta Games, Estrela, Oriental Trading Company, Diset S. A., Hasbro, Juegos Ya S.L., Palet spil, Piatnik, Maxco, Cardinal, Harlekin, Blatz, Basic Fun, Inc., The Purple Cow, Dal Negro, RoseArt, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Cayro, The Games, Western Publishing Company, CHH Games, Creative Crafthouse, Glevum Games, Galison, K.E.Leg, El Greco, Pendleton, Marlboro, Wild & Wolf, Marigó, Alga, Pressman Toy Corp., Game Factory, Whitman, Philos, The Op Games, The Toy Network, Schmidt Spiele, Schmidt France, Ramsons, Ludens Planet, Reiss Games, IRWIN Games, Fame Products, MB Spiele, Søstrene Grene, Poolmaster, Brio AB, Bisonte, Golden, Halsall, Pin International, L. P. Septímio, Joker, StirlingFox, Matsui Gaming Machine, Deuce, Gigliodoro, Ariel Productions Ltd, (Unknown), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Masters Games, Schmidt International, MB Spellen, American Express
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Track Movement, Static Capture
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Carlit, Classic Toys, WHSmith, Węgiel, Dino Toys s. r. o., Ravensburger, John Sands Pty Ltd, Planet Finska, HABA, Pintoy, S & E, Berliner Spielkarten, Origem, Otto Maier Verlag, (Self-Published), Square Root Games, Jumbo, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., National Novelty Corp., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Gold Medal, John Jaques of London, Sladecolour Board Games, Lagoon Games, Mitra, nestorgames, OPEN'N PLAY, Chadwick Miller Inc., ABRA, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Ghisò, Zontik Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Hector Saxe, Dos Reis, Editions ATLAS, Saitek, Gibsons, Milton Bradley, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Super Accord, Bello Games New York, Inc., Smethport Specialty Co., Schou, (Public Domain), Skor-Mor, House Martin, LuduScience, Editrice Giochi, Fundex, Croner, Neroulia, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Unicorn Products, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Pavilion, play time, Spear's Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Peri Spiele, Inovac Rima SA, Silk Cut, Arrow Games Ltd, House of Marbles, Gamut of Games, Sterling Games, Westside Fun Games, Waddingtons, Kingstone International, Galleryplay, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Crisloid, Cathay, Klee, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Vennerød Forlag AS, Pleasantime Games, F.X. Schmid, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Noris Spiele, Selchow & Righter, Tactic, 3M, Pelikan, Dilemma Games, Majora, Waddington Sanders Ltd., M Petrushkin, Heyne, Top Mark, Wood Expressions, Gammon Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Merit, HEMA, Daells Varehus, Invicta Games, Estrela, Oriental Trading Company, Diset S. A., Hasbro, Juegos Ya S.L., Palet spil, Piatnik, Maxco, Cardinal, Harlekin, Blatz, Basic Fun, Inc., The Purple Cow, Dal Negro, RoseArt, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Cayro, The Games, Western Publishing Company, CHH Games, Creative Crafthouse, Glevum Games, Galison, K.E.Leg, El Greco, Pendleton, Marlboro, Wild & Wolf, Marigó, Alga, Pressman Toy Corp., Game Factory, Whitman, Philos, The Op Games, The Toy Network, Schmidt Spiele, Schmidt France, Ramsons, Ludens Planet, Reiss Games, IRWIN Games, Fame Products, MB Spiele, Søstrene Grene, Poolmaster, Brio AB, Bisonte, Golden, Halsall, Pin International, L. P. Septímio, Joker, StirlingFox, Matsui Gaming Machine, Deuce, Gigliodoro, Ariel Productions Ltd, (Unknown), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Masters Games, Schmidt International, MB Spellen, American Express
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Track Movement, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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